Child Development Strategies For Reducing Inequalities...

The article, Child Development 2: Strategies for reducing inequalities and improving developmental out comes for young children in low-income and middle-income countries, details the second report in a series on early child development. It assesses the effectiveness of early child development interventions, such as the support of parents and preschool enrollment. Evidence has proven that child development needs some work and one way is through programs of higher quality for the most vulnerable children. Other promising ways to help include children’s educational media, interventions with children at high risk, and combining the promotion of early child development with conditional cash transfer programs. This means effective programs, policies, and other interventions can protect children from some of the negative consequences of living in low or middle income countries. Different countries have different inequalities when it comes to child development. It was found that child ren in the highest income quintile in a particular country are more than twice as likely to attend preschool as those in the lowest quintile in the same country (Engle et al., 2011). According to Engle et al. (2011), â€Å"The WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health, in a World Health Assembly report, highlighted the social injustice of ‘avoidable health inequalities’ and concluded that social and economic policies addressing early child development can affect whether children develop to theirShow MoreRelatedEconomic Policies: What is the Fiscal Policy? Essay1703 Words   |  7 Pagesimportance changes from time to time. (Roux, 2008). Making use of the monetary policy and the fiscal policy, the South African government has made efforts to address growth and poverty in the country. The National Development Plan (NDP) and the National Growth Plan (NGP) are two strategies that have been designed by the government as vehicles to address the problems that South Africa faces. What is the Fiscal policy? ‘Fiscal policy’ is the name given to government policies which seek to influenceRead MoreHealth Promotion Is A Process Of Empowerment3669 Words   |  15 PagesDiscussion will centre round the importance of utilising health promotion to reduce health inequalities. Health promotion is a process of empowerment which enables communities and individuals to strengthen control over the determinants of health in order to achieve their fullest potential. (WHO 2008) 1The rationale for health promotion derives from the opportunity to prevent ill health and reduce inequalities through the promotion of health and healthy living. It incorporates a broad range of interventionsRead MoreSpecialist Area in Teaching CG 7303 Dtlls Course Assignment One2528 Words   |  11 Pagesteach the adult learner to climb indoors independently over a period of 3 weeks. Rock club is perfect for those that have just completed a beginner’s course or returning to climbing. Technique courses are about improving your techniques so that you can progress your grade which naturally comes after the beginners course. GCSE and A ‘Level groups who are completing their BTEC Award in Public Services(equivalent to 3.5 A ‘levels) the programme is a combination of climbi ng skills and Techniques whichRead MoreAn Evalution of the Attachment Theory Essay13038 Words   |  53 PagesTHE ATTACHMENT THEORY AN EVALUTION OF THE ATTACHMENT THEORY WHEN WORKING WITH CHILDREN IN CARE Gail Walters Dissertation Social Work BA (HONS) Manchester Metropolitan University Tutor: Pauline Black CONTENTS Pages Abstract Read MoreIdentify a Policy and Evaluate Its Impacts on Your Practice, Reflecting on the Effect the Policy Has on Outcomes for Children and Young People.5815 Words   |  24 Pages‘Identify a policy and evaluate its impact on your practice, reflecting on the effect the policy has on outcomes for children and young people’ This essay will consider the policy of Inclusion, from a national and localised perspective, providing an appropriate understanding of policy and legislation, giving clear guidance of its evolution and relevance to practice. On researching policy and legislation through the decades there will be analysis of the way political and philosophical principlesRead MoreWomen Empowerment12463 Words   |  50 Pagesthe State to adopt measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. | |Within the framework of a democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and programmes have| |aimed at women’s advancement in different spheres. From the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78) onwards has| |been a marked shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to development. In recent years, | |the empowerment of women has been recognized as the central issue in determining the status of women. | |TheRead MoreIndias Five Years Plan6466 Words   |  26 Pageseconomic development. Much of the Soviet industrial successes are a result of the implementation of its five year plans. In 1950, India’s prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru, impressed by the Soviet system, adopted five year plans as a model for economic development, and established the Planning Commission which was to act independent of any cabinet and was answerable only to the Prime Minister, who is also Chairperson of the commission. Draft plans were to be approved by the National Development CouncilRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 PagesCalifornia Preschool Learning Foundations Volume 2 Visual and Performing Arts Physical Development Health Publishing Information The California Preschool Learning Foundations (Volume 2) was developed by the Child Development Division, California Department of Education. This publication was edited by Faye Ong, working in cooperation with Laura Bridges and Desiree Soto, Consultants, Child Development Division. It was designed and prepared for printing by the staff of CDE Press, with theRead MorePediatric Safety and Quality11531 Words   |  46 Pagesexplains my personality. Often, along the way, I have experienced the disequilibrium of conflict with my career, which has been a tremendous influence in reforming my purpose in my career, as I have greatly battled to trounce the challenges. I have come to see nursing as a dynamic field among other disciplines. I learned this after I finished my nursing training and RN registration in the United States, and then worked in the UK as a staff nurse in the Bromley area trust until I returned home to workRead MoreThe Role of Adult Education in Womens Empowerment16079 Words   |  65 PagesNational Report on the Development and State of the Art of Adult Learning and Education in Botswana Ministry of Education and Skills Development 2008 1 FOREWORD Honourable Jacob D. Nkate Minister of Education and Skills Development The Fifth International Conference on Adult Learning and Education (CONFINTEA V) has motivated the nation of Botswana to accelerate its effort in the provision of adult learning and education. That kind of action was necessary because we firmly believe that we must

Technology in the Workplace - 3509 Words

Caribbean Studies School Based Assessment Technology and its Impact on the Workplace in the Caribbean: The Changing Nature of Jobs [pic] Name: Rekha Burnett School: Harrison College Centre No.: 030014 Candidate No.: 030014 Date: 16/04/2010 Table of Contents Page Introduction 2 Purpose of Research 3 Literature Review 4 Data Collection Sources 6 Presentation of Findings 7 Interpretation of Findings 11 Discussion 13 Conclusion/Limitations of the Research/Recommendations 15 Bibliography 16 Appendices 17 Introduction Background According to the U.S. Census†¦show more content†¦This method was chosen because the object of this research is to collect respondents experiences and perceptions of technology and its effects in the Barbadian workplace. In addition, the interview with its setting being less rigid, helped contribute to a more relaxed atmosphere for the respondents and allowed them to spend more time with the questionnaire/interview. As well as it allowed for the interviewer to build a rapport with the respondent, which meant the respondents were active in the interview. This further helped because there was the opportunity to explain questions and probe for more details and to ask spontaneous questions. This research method provided a good control over the sampling audience. Some limitations were incurred through the data collection process. The respondents were less willing to bring up topics because they did not feel comfortable sharing with a stranger; however, with th e ethics standard of confidentiality used for the interview/questionnaire, this made them feel a bit more open. Presentation of Findings The data was collected from 22nd of March to 26th of March and the response rates were of 100 percent from the questionnaires. The sample consisted of 30 respondents representative of the workforce, 15 male and 15 female which indicated that equal amounts of males and females were represented in the sample group. 100 percent of theShow MoreRelatedTechnology in the Workplace3524 Words   |  15 PagesCaribbean Studies School Based Assessment Technology and its Impact on the Workplace in the Caribbean: The Changing Nature of Jobs [pic] Name: Rekha Burnett School: Harrison College Centre No.: 030014 Candidate No.: 030014 Date: 16/04/2010 Table of Contents Page Introduction 2 Purpose of Research 3 Literature Review 4 Data Collection Sources Read MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Workplace1438 Words   |  6 Pagesthe workplace is changing rapidly due to technology; wages no longer parallel a worker’s education level; burdensome and unnecessary credential requirements are imposed on low-wage workers; and the unemployment rate is increasing. These phenomenon have led to the decline and downsizing of the American workforce. With the replacement of workers by technology and strict training specifications, it’s very difficult for low-wage workers to find a stable job without competition in the workplace. CompaniesRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Workplace1392 Words   |  6 PagesWith the expansion of technology in the workplace, face-to-face interaction has decreased and the workplace is transforming. Meetings that once took up to two hours now take 45 minutes with the arrival of technology. One must not forget that there are certain situations in which one cannot rely on technology, if one intends to transmit an effective message. Whether it is a client or an employee there will be occasions in which face-to-face meetings are necessary in order to be successful at managingRead MoreImpact Of Technology On The Workplace921 Words   |  4 Pagescom/story/tech/columnist/2015/02/25/joelle-emerson-column-technology-diversity-social-science-research/24002013/ Technology companies are still having a hard time implementing diversity within the work environment. Although these types of companies historically have not created an environment in which diversity flourishes. Current lawsuits for discrimination and harassment are causing technology companies to relook at their policies. Will these new policies and procedures be enough to diversify the technology world? As the articleRead MoreTechnology Problems At The Workplace1716 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology Problems at Workplaces Heriberto Gonzalez Keiser University Table of Contents Letter of Transmittal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 Executive Summary 4 1.0 Introduction 5 2.0 Challenges in Using Technology in Professions 5 3.0 Recommended Solutions to Technology Problems at Work 6 3.1 Recruiting Personnel with Adequate Skills in Technology 6 3.2 Organizing Staff Training in the Usage of New Technology 7 3.3 Forming a Department of TechnologyRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Workplace1239 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Technology in the Workplace Since the creation of modern computerization, several consequences have arisen for humankind, particularly in the work environment. Both skilled and unskilled laborers are gradually being forced out of work due to these technological innovations. This is especially true in industries that have been greatly affected by this phenomenon, such as the communication, transportation, information and manufacturing activity. Rather than creating jobs and increasingRead MoreInformation Technology And Its Impact On The Workplace1206 Words   |  5 Pagesemployees do not effectively share information learned in the workplace resulting in redundant work activity and ultimately profit loss. Most large organizations collect information treasure-troves from the many inputs and experiences created by frontline employees and consumers using online portals. Firms can harness the information generated from these sources by instituting knowledge management platforms. To leverage this technology, firms h ave to make sure that their employees fully adopt a knowledgeRead MoreTechnology And The Global Workplace2933 Words   |  12 Pagesfrom the unlikeliest of networks, and more importantly, to change your thought process, abandon preconceived notions and conjure up creative solutions to fight dynamic demons. Closer to home, there are two key trends that are shaping the global workplace. In their 2013 report â€Å"Talent Mobility: 2020 and beyond†, PriceWaterhouseCoppers postulated through a survey of 900 companies that employee mobility and innovation are the corporate trends du jour in the forthcoming years. The reason for this aforementionedRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Technology On The Workplace1166 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Technology in the Workplace The exploding growth of social technologies has drastically altered the way people communicate. As a result, the utilization of social technologies to move a business forward has become widespread. Software tools such as blogs and wikis and social network platforms like Facebook and Twitter and other communication technologies are helping to advance businesses. These new technologies improve the way that tacit and explicit knowledge is recognized, categorizedRead MoreImpact of Technology in the Workplace Essay1828 Words   |  8 PagesImpact of Technology in the Workplace The impact of computer technology in the workplace has been enormous within the past decade, both positive and negative. Distant communication through the use of computers and mobile devices have overhauled the office setting completely. Email, social networking sites and the world of the Internet have opened a whole new avenue of communication. Technology has changed the entire workplace environment

Comparative Criminal Justice System North Korea and South Africa free essay sample

Many countries around the world have used capital punishment in the past, or continue to use it today; however, the numbers of countries that still use the death penalty are very few. Most places have since abolished capital punishment. For example, South Africa removed the death penalty in 1995. Racial segregation is one of the main reasons that capital punishment had occurred for so long in South Africa. When Arthur Chaskalson had been appointed President, the capital punishment sentence had been altered. North Korea, however, still continues to use the death penalty as a form of punishment. It is very difficult to explore the history behind North Korea and it’s sentencing. The majority of information is based on knowledge gathered from refugees from the country. This paper will explore the history behind capital punishment in South Africa and North Korea. The similarities and differences between the two countries will be discussed as well as the pros and cons of using capital punishment as a sentence. Capital punishment, better known as the ‘death penalty,’ occurs when a person is sentenced to death by the state for committing a crime. The death penalty in South Africa was a sentence for murder, rape, robbery with aggravating circumstances, kidnapping, child stealing, and treason in time of war. In the past, capital punishment has been a part of many societies. In South Africa, capital punishment had been removed from the criminal code on June 6, 1995 in the case of State versus Makwanyane and Mchunu. The President of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, Arthur Chaskalson, stated that capital punishment is unconstitutional because everyone has the right to life (Bae, 2005, p. 49). Each judge of the court had issued a written document backing Chaskalson’s decision to remove capital punishment. The removal of the death penalty from this country shocked the world since Pretoria, a capital city in the northern part of South Africa, was once called the â€Å"hanging capital of the world† (Bae, 2005, p. 50). Before the removal of capital punishment, racial discrimination played a significant role in the death penalty. Capital punishment was used to implement punishment to those of apartheid. Apartheid was the system of racial segregation in South Africa. It was enforced through legislation by the National Party governments. The death sentences were unfair and unequal towards races due to the apartheid society in South Africa. An article written by Singman Bae (2005), specifies that, â€Å"†¦For the period between June 1982 and June 1983, of the 81 blacks convicted of murdering whites, 38 were hanged. By comparison, of the 52 whites convicted of killing whites, only one was hanged, while none of the 21 whites convicted of murdering blacks was hanged† (p. 52). These statistics show that it was more likely for a black offender to be sentenced to death when the victim was white. Once the case of State versus Makwanyane and Mchunu had occurred, capital punishment in South Africa had been removed. †¦ Today, there is still talk about whether South Africa should reinstate the death penalty, although the chances of that happening are very slim. Since the Makwanyane case, there have been no major changes to the constitution. Unless the constitution is modified, the death penalty will remain as an unconstitutional form of punishment. Many argue that capital punishment is used to control crime. In David Johnson’s (2010) article, he address that in Asia, a Chinese Communist party claims that capital punishment is needed to control a serious growth in criminal activity (p. 343). By the end of World War II, Korea had been divided into North and South. To this day, they remain separated. Capital punishment is still used in North Korea, although due to the country’s isolation from the world, it is hard to say how many executions have happened and when the most recent one was. Although, the International Federation for Human Rights affirms that, â€Å"According to the Anti Death Penalty Asia Network (ADPAN), an Asian network of NGOs campaigning for the abolition of the death penalty, there were more than 60 reported cases of executions in 2010 and 30 cases in 2011† (p. 22). With this information it can be assumed that executions North Korea are decreasing, however this assumption can only be made based on the executions that have actually been reported. FIDH (2013) report declares, â€Å"States that retain the death penalty not only violate the right to life, but also the prohibition of arbitrary deprivation of life† (p. 13). In North Korea the current constitution does not guarantee the right to life, or restrict the use of the death penalty. FIDH states that the North Korean criminal code had revisions made in 1987 that reduce the number of crimes punishable by death. The number of crimes decreased to 5, from the original 33. In 2009 the list of crimes punishable by death had increased to 6 when â€Å"treacherous destruction† was added (p. 18). After many revisions, 24 crimes are punishable by death today, in North Korea. Such crimes include kidnapping, theft, damage or destruction of state or military property, currency counterfeiting, smuggling, and introducing narcotics into the black market (FIDH, 2013, p. 19). It has been reported that prison camps have executions frequently. The prisoners are punished for attempting to escape or breaking the camps rules. Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland found that in the lower-level criminal facilities and prison camps, 75% of abuse results in execution (2012, p. 675). FIDH has also touched on this by reporting that, â€Å"†¦In the provinces of North Hamgyong, South Hamgyong, Ryanggang, and South Pyongyan†¦These regions have been particularly affected by food shortage and are the main routes for escapees attempting to cross the border† (FIDH, 2013, p.23). North Korea continues to use the death penalty unlike South Africa where it remains removed. The use of capital punishment in a country can be used as a form of deterrence. Deterrence is used to implement a sentence that one would receive by committing certain crimes. If individuals know that the death penalty is a sentence for committing specific crimes then they are less likely to commit those crimes. The fear of a punishment alone can alter an indiv idual’s decision to act criminally. In the case of North Korea where capital punishment is still used today, one may argue that it is a positive form of punishment due to this prevention factor. Having said this, relying solely on deterrence to decrease the crime rate is unrealistic. Most crimes are committed in the heat of the moment, therefore, all crimes cannot be prevented. As stated above, a Chinese Communist party claims that capital punishment is needed to control a serious growth in criminal activity (Johnson, 2010, p. 343). As in North Korea, criminal activity can be decreased by the threat of capital punishment, but it cannot be eliminated completely; and therefore, other ways of decreasing crime through punishment or consequence without the threat of death should be sought after. In South Africa, capital punishment’s use contributed to racial segregation. Each country’s reason for implementing capital punishment differs: North Korea’s objective is to maintain order and control crime, and in South Africa the purpose of capital punishment was applied through racial discrimination by the apartheid. Other than the obvious difference between the two countries, being that South Africa no longer uses capital punishment and North Korea does, another difference is each country’s Constitutional rights. In South Africa, capital punishment is unconstitutional because everyone has the right to life. In North Korea however, the constitution does not guarantee the right to life and, therefore, there is no justifiable reason to remove capital punishment (FIDH, 2013, p. 13). Despite the differences between the past South Africa and the present North Korea in relation to their capital punishment laws, there are similarities that can be understood: some crimes that were punishable by death in South Africa overlap the crimes punishable by death in North Korea. Crimes include, murder, treason and kidnapping. Furthermore, the use of capital punishment and the history behind it varies from country to country around the world. The death penalty is a serious sentence anywhere around the world. In North Korea, because capital punishment still exists, being sentenced to death is an intimidating sentence. One would assume that people would not commit the crimes that are mandatorily punishable by death, although many criminals still do. In South Africa, the removal of capital punishment in 1995 by Chaskalson was viewed as a step forward for the country. The State versus Makwanyane case is one of the most important cases in the South African Constitutional Court. The use of capital punishment is still used is many countries today, though it is becoming increasingly less common.

Zinn and Johnson Essay Example For Students

Zinn and Johnson Essay Historian Howard Zinn doesn’t believe that Americans were civilized in terms of sex and national origin. He views the United States from 1865 to 1900 as oppressed and racist. Many examples are presented in his book â€Å"A people’s History of the United States†, one of the examples he presents and perhaps one of the most important is that in 1877 the industrial and political elites of North and South would take hold of the country and organize the greatest march of economic growth in human history (Zinn, 253). Zinn views this country as unorganized because of the working strike, they oppressed minorities to do the work to built and stabilize the economy of this country. The separation of labor between black and whites is what emphasizes the idea of oppression in the United States during this period. Between the Civil War and 1900, steam and electricity replaced human muscle (Zinn, 253). The creation of new machines soon began to change farming. Huge supplies of human beings were needed to test out these new machines that were backbreaking, unhealthful, and dangerous work. This shows how the United States only cared about social status, inventors were not to adjust or work the new machines, and therefore, people from a lower economic status, such as immigrants from Europe and China, would come to the United States and take the risks. An additional example of the change that occurred during this time period was the construction of the first transcontinental railroad which was built with blood, sweat, and politics ( Zinn, 254). Americans felt they were superior and submitted three thousand Irish and ten thousand Chinese to built the railroads for only about one or two dollars a day. Many workers died because of the heat and the war that was being held by the Indians that opposed the invasion of the territory ( Zinn, 255). Political standings also played a big role in the social injustice. The wild fraud on the railroads led to more control of railroad finances by bankers, who wanted more stability (Zinn, 255). J. P Morgan started off selling stocks for the railroads for good commissions but, during the Civil War he bought five thousand rifles from an army arsenal, and sold them to a general in the field. The rifles were defective and would shoot off the thumbs of the soldiers using them. He thought of himself as an American but the degradation of humanity in this act shows the contrary. James Mellon’s father wrote to him â€Å"a man may be a patriot without risking his own life or sacrificing his health. There are plenty of lives less valuable† ( Zinn, 255). This statement emphasizes the idea that Zinn is presenting about the United States and how it is full of oppression and racism. However, Historian Paul Johnson viewed things differently from Zinn. He described the United States from 1865 to 1900 as a panorama of general progress in which all classes shared and in which all intellectual and cultural interests were abundantly displayed (Johnson, 591). He ultimately believes that the United States was composed of American geniuses. If this were true I do not understand why minorities were being exploited by having them work long hours with no good payment. Johnson argues that although America’s high status elites deliberately spent their money on conspicuous consumption, they were still great Americans that wanted to succeed in being self satisfying, competitive swaggers, and excellent leaders for this country during that time. He compares American leaders to French and English noblemen, when in fact the United States as stated by Zinn had French and English people building the first transcontinental railroad. .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c , .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .postImageUrl , .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c , .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:hover , .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:visited , .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:active { border:0!important; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:active , .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue641f7ae1f47001b3080dd039032512c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: U.S Human Rights Intervention EssayWhen describing the â€Å"Age of Robber Barons† Johnson compares, once again, French people and the building of a large country house to the building of the railroad constructed in 1877, the lack of information and no interest at all in what American history really was about, leads him to find without any facts a similarity between these two countries that had nothing to do with each other during that time. Johnson goes on talking about how between 1880 and 1920 there more country houses were built in the United States than in any other period of time. He again demonstrates us that he was more interested in story telling about the French instead of actually providing us with important facts about the United States. The history of the United States was not composed of how many houses were built; it was composed on how immigrants and lower class people were exploited to build more important things such as the railroads, while the white upper class spent their money on useless things. Zinn’s theories and ideas about the United States are much more meaningful than those of Johnson. Johnson is more interested in story than presenting actual facts about the United States. Johnson does not focus on the issue of race and the differences in treatment between social classes. Zinn on the hand provides us with facts about the cruelty that went on during this time. He focuses on telling us how people were mistreated, minorities were abruptly abused and the government did nothing to help the situation. The government of the United States was behaving almost exactly as Karl Marx described a capitalist state: pretending neutrality to maintain order, but serving the interests of the rich.