Baz Luhrmanns Film Adaptation of Romeo and Juliet Essay -- Papers

Baz Luhrmanns Film Adaptation of Romeo and Juliet Shakespeares use of language reflects the theatre of his day. There were no elaborate exercise designs, costumes, lighting or sound effects and there were also only a small function of actors playing many different parts. This could get confuse and therefore the language and imagery had to do all the work for the audience, as the words were the only tools available to help them imagine the scenes vividly. In the prologue of Romeo and Juliet, line number twelve Is now the two hours traffic of our stage and the very last words our toil shall strive to mend, have significant meaning. These sentences, spoken by the chorus, highlight to the audience the key plot elements to come. It gives the audience an idea of what they are about to watch or read and makes the ensuing action more intelligible. This outstanding convention therefore acts almost like a movie trailer. In Baz Luhrmanns film adaptation of the p lay, the prologue begins with a long shot of a television (within a television), with a reporter speaking to us from inside of it. Behind the reporters left shoulder are the words star-crossed lovers and a symbol of a broken ring. This, in the first minute of the play, already introduces us to the fact that Romeo and Juliet are star-crossed lovers, which is a major theme throughout the entire play. The news reporter then delivers the full-length prologue from beginning to end, before the camera zooms further and further in until the point of extreme close up, at which point the prologue changes. This is how Baz Luhrmann achieves a similar effect to Shakespeares striking use of the pr... ...rologue At the very end of the prologue, the title Romeo + Juliet comes up and the plus sign is actually made to suggest a Christian cross. This subtly reminds us of the ghostlike side of the play. This includes the Friar, who is a religious personage, the wedding t hat Romeo and Juliet have and also the whole theme of destiny and some divinity or higher power sounding over and controlling us in life. So in conclusion, this is how Baz Luhrmanns film adaptation of the prologue from Romeo and Juliet successfully visually highlights Shakespeares rich language and imagery. We can see how he has gone through the prologue and then fairly systematically translated its deeper meaning, in remarkably creative ways. He effectively translates all the messages of the prologue in a contemporary and entertain context.

Bell Hooks Essays -- essays research papers

Is Education Equal?The United States provides our society with the undeniable right to learn. The right to higher facts of life is not limited to the middle and top(prenominal) classes it allows the less privileged, minorities, as well as both sexes, to receive an equal education. Two arguments which present interesting views on higher education are bell shape hook&8217s &8220Keeping Close to Home and Adrienne Rich&8217s &8220What Does a Woman Need to Know? Hooks views higher education with a link for the underprivileged, whereas Rich views it with a concern for women. Of the two works, I personally do not agree with Rich&8217s argument.Bell hooks views higher education to be a time in which we find ourselves and learn more about who we are. This concept remains difficult on the underprivileged because they do not want to be known for their background. They see themselves as less privileged, and therefore want to keep this hidden from their new society. These students face many obstacles in their lives college presents a whole new and much larger challenge. The transition is also hard on them. They want to fit in and hide their past, but at the same time, they do not want to lose sight of their upbringings. Hooks felt that she was an outsider in college, because she herself came from an underprivileged background, while most of her peers came from privileged backgrounds. Hooks states, &822...

Vertigo Essay -- essays research papers fc

VERTIGOAlfred Hitchcocks giddiness is a thrilling lead filled with whodunit and suspense. However, Hitchcock unexpended many unsolved issues at the end of this film. In contrast, when comparing Vertigo to more recent films of similar genre, mysteries are usually ever solved and thoroughly explained by the end of the film. Ironically, Hitchcocks failure to explain everything to the audience in Vertigo is one of the films best attributes. This escape of knowledge allows the viewer to use their own imagination and speculate as to what might or might not have become of certain characters.Vertigo boasted several different themes. However, the Ideal Woman Lost theme was the most prevalent (Handout 1). This theme was brought on by an obsessed everyman type. appreciate Stewart, otherwise known as Scottie in the film, played this everyman type whose personality was maliciously twisted into an overly obsessive man. His cause for obsession was a beautiful, unseasoned woman played by Kim Novak, known as both Madeleine and Judy in the film. Madeleine drew Scottie in so deep, that he literally became a different person. This film mirrored Hitchcocks personal feelings and was considered to be his favorite film. While there are many scenes that prove the above theme, the following are three special(prenominal) scenes that clearly spell out Scotties obsession. The scene where Scottie was sitting in his car alone after dropping Midge off at her home is a good first example. Midge and Scottie had just spent an afternoon together researching Carlotta Valdes history. Before Midge got out of the car she told Scottie, much to his dismay, that she was going view Carlottas portrait at the museum. As soon as Midge got out of the car, Scottie pulled out his brochure from the museum and turned to the page that hosted Carlottas portrait. As he stared at her picture for several moments, he began to visualize Madeleines face. Clearly this was one of the first signs of his growing obsession. An old college buddy hired Scottie to follow his wife, Madeleine, to discover where she was wandering off to. However, this job was overwhelming his life and Scottie was developing a serious intrigue for Madeleine, a very mysterious woman.Another good exam... ...of a character. Hitchcock does an excellent job at relaying Scotties swelling obsession to his viewers. Visualizing Madeleine while Scottie was looking at the picture of Carlotta, his invasion of Madeleines personal space, a so-called stranger, and whispering her name, and then trying to makeover Judy into other person who is supposedly dead are all very apparent signs of obsession. These signs successfully show the viewer that Scottie is thoroughly engrossed with his subject, Madeleine, who had been lost. The viewer is left to assume that Scottie will be unable to return to the emotionally stable person he was before the obsession took control of his life. Alfred Hitchcock was definitely ahead of his m and pa ved the way for many film-makers to learn from and expand on his expertise of being able to reach an audience, capture their attention, and make the audience feel what the characters are feeling.Works CitedHandout 1 Alfred Hitchcock & Notes on VertigoGiannetti, Louis. Understanding Movies. 8th ed. New Jersey Simon & Schuster, 1999.Stewart, James, perf. Vertigo. Dir. Alfred Hitchcock. Perf. James Steward, Kim Novak. Universal Pictures, 1958.

Sources of Finance for a Business Essay -- Papers

Sources of Finance for a Business For a origin to successfully run, it must have sources of finance. These are methods of financing the running of the business, buying of striving and paying of workers. Small businesses and whacking businesses have different sources of finance. In this section, I will discuss the different sources of finance used by small and large businesses, and the advantages and disadvantages of each, initiationing with small businesses. Setting up a business costs money. For instance, setting up a bakery involves buying or renting a shop and buying stocks of flour and so on. One source of finance for a new business is candour or equity capital. This is money which is govern into the business by its owners. The baker for instance, may have savings of 20,000 which are used to buy a lease on a shop and start a sole proprietorship. They may also go into a partnership with another person, with each putting in 10,000 of their own savings. The advantage of using equity capital is that, as it is the owners money, no extra cost or interest is charged when using it. The problem with equity capital is that it is embarrassing to gather in the first place. It is often difficult for small and medium sized businesses to find individuals to provide equity. Or, if the business is a sole proprietorship, the owner may be short of money to provide equity. Retained profit is also the most important source of finance for large businesses in the UK. Once the business has been set up, it will want to make a profit. This profit is owned by the owners of the business. Retained or undistributed profit is where these profits are unplowed back for us... ...ho set up their own businesses. They also provide training and support. Other grants are available to businesses which operate in areas of low income and high unemployment. Grants are good for businesses because they are given for free, with no intere st or payment charges. However, they are fairly uncommon for workaday businesses and are only given to businesses which hire the boost in funds. For a business to succeed, it needs to find the right balance of finance. It is important that it is well-placed to survive any financial problems it might go through. In my business, it is vital to carry out extensive research to ensure that I will have the right amount of funds to carry out everyday running of the business. If this does not happen and I do not find the correct sources of finance then my business will fail.

Macbeth...Tragic Hero? Essays -- essays research papers

Macbeth is a butcher. Discuss this statement exploring the ideas of Macbeth as a tragic milling machinery and that the murder may or may not be entirely his fault. In your answer consider the role of the witches, Lady Macbeth, Macbeths indecision and his shameful flaw, ambition. You must support your answer with specific reference to and quotes from the play.The play, Macbeth by Shakespe atomic number 18 is entirely focused on the main character, Macbeth. In this play there are more complex themes and symbols that ties in with Macbeths character. One particular debate is on whether Macbeths a tragic hero or a butcher. This is a particularly difficult topic to discuss as Macbeths character constantly fluctuates as the play progresses. Despite many actions taken by Macbeth are seen as tyrannical and evil, he is nevertheless a typical Shakespearean hero. He is courageous, sympathetic, trapped by his own imagination and guilt, has a weakness that leads to his hurry and is driven by forces beyond his control. Macbeth embodies all the characteristics of a tragic hero. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is seen as a brave, noble and valiant man. He was describe as Bellonas bridegroom (ACT 1 SCENE 2) He fought hard in the battle for Duncan and has earned many peoples respect. He was seen as a hero. Later on, he meets the three witches who hail Macbeth as the Thane of Glamis whom he is at the present, Thane of Cawdor and who shall be king thereafter (ACT 1 SCENE 3). Macbet...

Macbeth...Tragic Hero? Essays -- essays research papers

Macbeth is a butcher. Discuss this statement exploring the ideas of Macbeth as a tragic hero and that the murder may or may not be entirely his fault. In your answer consider the role of the witches, Lady Macbeth, Macbeths indecision and his fatal flaw, ambition. You must support your answer with specific reference to and quotes from the play.The play, Macbeth by Shakespeare is entirely focused on the main character, Macbeth. In this play there are many complex themes and symbols that ties in with Macbeths character. One particular overturn is on whether Macbeths a tragic hero or a butcher. This is a particularly difficult topic to discuss as Macbeths character constantly fluctuates as the play progresses. Despite many actions taken by Macbeth are seen as tyrannical and evil, he is nevertheless a true Shakespearean hero. He is courageous, sympathetic, trapped by his own imagination and guilt, has a weakness that leads to his downfall and is driven by forces beyond his control. Mac beth embodies all the characteristics of a tragic hero. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is seen as a brave, noble and valiant man. He was described as Bellonas bridegroom (ACT 1 SCENE 2) He fought hard in the battle for Duncan and has earned many peoples respect. He was seen as a hero. Later on, he meets the three witches who hail Macbeth as the Thane of Glamis whom he is at the present, Thane of Cawdor and who shall be king thereafter (ACT 1 SCENE 3). Macbet...

Kafka

This simple yet ingenious quote by Kafka does make 1 and only(a) stop and think, is life really that kernelless? How can mavin concur if life is substanceless or non? Before these questions can be answered, adept must ask, what is basaling? Amazingly enough, marrow is something we compose ourselves. We attach meaning to everything somewhat us whether it be language, a person, an item, or even a pencil. consequence comes from within us, making us the sole contri preciselyor to our suffer beence. Therefore, nonhing has meaning unless one was to ttach meaning to it, and to attach meaning to anything proves one has created an individualism, and that identity allows one to exist. soul life by definition comes to an end whether one likes it or not, and because of this, we are always facing the pressure of extinction. The way we cope with this pressure is by bounteous meaning to the things we do, the things we love, and all the other things which matters in ones life.To g ive ourselves an identity in which we exist in this world and to leave behind a trace of our existence. Although it is rattling evident that meaning comes from within the individual, others might think differently. One of the main arguments against meaning coming from the individual is that we were already attached meaning since birth, given a set of beliefs and morals to follow, so how does one create meaning if it was already given to us from generation by generation?What they do not crawl in is that meaning is something we gain through put through, and experience is not something we have from birth. Another valid argument would be that this universe does not compulsion meaning and therefore it is not important to have meaning or create meaning. However, meaning is all around us and whether one likes it or not, we were built to reate meaning in order for us to exist, and for us to be able to create an identity. Before we dive deeper into the topic of how we gain meaning, we first have to question what is meaning?Clare Carlisle quotes Kierkegaard and explains, thus far though all sorts of things exist, for Kierkegaard the countersign existence has a extra meaning when applied to hu kinds life. This meaning arises from the fact that we always have a kind to ourselves. (Carlisle, What does it mean to exist? ) To go into to a greater extent thorough detail, meaning is the stem of everything human. Meaning come rom us because like stated above in the quote by Kierkegaard, we are the only ones can have a relationship to ourselves.Humans only truly exist through identity, identity is gained through experience, and experience is what use to create meaning. Many other individuals would like to remember that meaning does not come within us, but rather given to us, passed down to us from our past generations. For an example, Annie Druyan, wife of astronomer/philosopher Carl Sagan (1934 1996) remembered a conversation her husband had with a unripe man an d it goes, At the end of it, a young man came up to him and he utter What do you give us in return? Now that youve fasten onn everything from us?What meaning is left, if everything that Ive been taught since I was a child turns verboten to be un true(a)? Carl looked at him and said, Do something meaningtul. (Sagan. ) Without meaning this world would b complete chaos. A person reads to grow up with meaning as a supporting factor, or else their world would become chaotic and by definition, meaningless. The young man in the flashback is a person who struggles with the belief that he grew up with meaning given to him and therefore once he comprehend the truth and reality of it all, there would be no significance left.Carl Sagan tries to make this young man understand that in truth, meaning is something we can create anytime, anywhere, and any fructify. Sagans simple and brief quote Do something purposeful gives us hope because it illustrates that meaning does not stem from the b ase of our lives, but something we have to experience and something we have to do in order to gain meaning. Although there are many others out there like the young man depicted in Annie Druyans flashback, they would have to know that meaning is not something in which they are given, but is gained through their Journey and understanding of life.This is significant because it is coercive for ones knowledge to understand that no matter how lost or confused one might be, they could always create their own meaning instead of relying or is biased on the thought that meaning was created for us. If one was to be biased on that thought, their total reliance on the meaning at which was given to them would apply when they learn the undeniable truth that meaning has always been within their reach. Although meaning is a controversial and conflicting topic to discuss, some might argue that meaning is something we shouldnt try to understand at all.Alex Percival as a strong opinion towards meanin g and how he believes the universe does not need meaning at all. He states in his own words, With youthful discoveries, we have found that the meaning of life itself is pointless, but we are extremely lucky to be here because the probability that any one of us being in existence is next to 0%. (Percival. ) In truth, meaning does matter in this world that we live in. Without meaning we would be lost with no identity, and would have no proof of our own existence.It is important for humans to make meaning for themselves because we want to exist and therefore we should exist. Meaning is not pointless at all, in fact meaning is apart of ones soul, apart of us. Meaning is a tool we strive and depend on to survive, because without it we would feel good-for-nothing and needless to say, useless. Despite the many oppositions against the interpretation of meaning, language is one of the many factors in which humans attach meaning to. One blogger give their thoughts on how meaning relates to language and states, Language communicates meaning, and the origin of meaning is relationship.In fact if we use the idea that relationship is the origin of meaning as our lens, it opens up a whole rising world eyond the narrow definitions that confine meaning to traditional ideas of language. (The Wisdom of Life. ) Language in fact does relate to human relationships. To be able to communicate and forge our thoughts gives us meaning. Without language, humans would not be able to express their thoughts and empty their minds and this is an important process to meaning because how can one attach or create meaning if they cannot express themselves.It is crucial to understand that language does not get its meaning from others but it is something we attach to it. For n example, as Professor Jacoby has mentioned in class, A chair does not have meaning unless we give it meaning. The word chair to another person could mean something much more significant or it could mean nothing depending who this person is and what significant attachment they have given to the chair. (English 205 Lecture. ) Anyone can give meaning to anything as long as there is a special significance to it.This is how we gain existence and gain identity. It comes through our experience and how we see things in our own eyes and not through what has already been defined for us. When one speaks about language, often we question what is the significance of many languages in this world. As Noam Chomsky says in We Still Live Here, A language is not Just words. Its a culture, a tradition, a unification of a community, a whole history that creates what a community is. Its all embodied in a language. (Chomsky. Language is no longer Just words or different types of languages that people speak around the world, it is what set us apart from others. It is what defines us as a people, it gives us meaning. With many languages around the orld, one could feel lost or troubled because they are afraid they could l ose their identity. Although that is definitely not the case, language could preserve ones true identity because with language comes a culture, a tradition, a community, and a whole history. With all these factors combined, one can find their identity and create meaning to their lives in their own ways and form.To find ones own identity is truly important in terms of existence, and the only way to find ones identity is through purpose meaning within themselves. Meaning also attaches itself to forms of exceptionalism, how we interpret and ruly follow this ideal belief is entirely up to the person. In one article by The Globalist, they proclaim, And Americans can only be exceptional if we are well informed and willing to make hard choices and take risks. Apathy, ignorance and risk aversion are the last sentence of the American experiment. (The Globalist, The Idea of American Exceptionalism. ) This is not only true to Americans, but also other cultures around the world as well. To ma ke one self exceptional the person needs to be able to make well informed decisions on their own accord and take risks by the ips of the their own fingers. This connects to meaning because the only way we can make our own decisions and take our own risks is by attaching our own meaning to what all of these things mean. To be exceptional does not necessarily translate to ignorance, it could also mean it is their only form of survival.To any culture around the world, their identity is found through their culture, history, tradition. They rely on these factors because it is what makes them special, unique, and skipper from others. Just like how each of them have their own language, tradition, and beliefs, hey want to preserve this by giving it a name, American Exceptionalism, British Exceptionalism, and Greek Exceptionalism. This way, they have given meaning to these terms which in return protect their identities. As individuals we all have a specific responsibility to be fulfilled on ce we take our first breaths in this world.One specific sentence which caught my attention in the article by The Globalist was, As citizens, we have a sacred duty to conserve organisation by the active not passive consent of the governed. (The Globalist, The Idea of American Exceptionalism. Even if we are a citizen of American or not, it does not matter, because every human in this Earth has a specific duty, which is to do something meaningful so that can be remembered for what theyVe done. The government is depicted as powertul, and because we see them as powertul, we believe that meaning comes from the government.The governments rules and laws seem to constrain us, but in reality its constrictions is what tests our understanding of what meaning is. For an example, in The Trial, a rela delay quote from the conversation between K. and the doorkeeper goes as this, Everyone strives to reach he Law, says the man, so how does it happen that for all these many years no one but myself has ever begged for admit-tance? The doorkeeper recognizes that the man has reached his end, and to let his weakness senses catch the words roars in his ear No one else could ever be admitted here, since this gate was made only for you.I am now going to debar it. (Kafka 256. ) In The Trial, it is Kafkas intentions to make the court look so powerful, because in this way, K. is forced to look for meaning and see for his own identity instead of trying to search for significant meaning in others. In fact, the court is so powerful that they have already planned everything out for K. K. s future was in their reach and yet he barely even realized this because he was transfixed on trying to get everyone else to help him when the answers was within him.This message is of vital immenseness to comprehend, because one must know that no matter how powerful the barrier maybe between the person and their journey to gain meaning is, their duty as a human allows them to conquer those obstacl es and face their own challenges. In The Trial it is evident from the very beginning K. s thoughts were always ethered to what others thought about him and his need to find meaning through them instead of himself. Whenever K. spoke, he would always pay close attention to others, as though their opinions and thoughts were crucial to him, Intrusive, thoughtless people said K. s he turned back into the room. The supervisor may have agreed with him, at least K. thought that was what he saw from the corner of his eye. only if it was Just as possible that he had not even been listening as he had his hand pressed firmly down on the table and seemed to be comparing the length of his fingers. (Kafka 17. Throughout the Trial, K. is repeatedly focusing on what others think of him, how others does not give him attention, and how others gave him meaning. His mind was always affected by the whispers around him and it affected him to the point whereby he was utterly dependent on other people. Kafkas mission was to make us understand that K. was trapped in the wrong place the whole time, in someone elses mind. When a person is trapped in someone elses thoughts, it would be hard for them to understand how important meaning is if they are constantly looking for meaning in the wrong place. One of the great meanings behind Kafkas works was to question one specific word, Meaning. In the text, K. s conversation with the priest demonstrates how Kafka views the word meaning, miou look for too much help from people you dont know, said the priest disapprovingly, and especially from women.Can you really not see thats not the help you need? (Kafka 252. ) Kafka used K. as a guide to help him search for or make meaning. K. is constantly seeking and depending on others to be able to survive and to exist in this world that the meaning to his life soon became xactly that his reliance on others became his meaning of survival, to exist. Kafka wants us to know that meaning was not already given to us, but we make meaning. We give meaning to people, things, and everything around us so we can feel special, unique, and most importantly to teel I ike we exist.Katka also wants us to know that K was looking for meaning in all the wrong places and to learn from K. s mistakes. K. looked for meaning through his reliance on others, when he was supposed to create meaning within himself. To exist, we first have to rely on our own thoughts and our own ideas. This significant because our thoughts and our own ideas is how meaning is created. If we do not create meaning through our own minds, we do not exist according to Kafka, and that is why K. ies (Kafka 271) at the end because he was not able to realize his whole life depended on someone else, and his sense of meaning came from the people around him as well which is what makes one exist. Although, this leads to the quote which was stated in the beginning of the essay, The meaning of life is that it ends. -Franz Kafka. No matter how a person tries define meaning or try to apprehend it, life does end. So why is meaning so important? Meaning not only gives us a sense of security and comfort from the chaotic world we live in, but it also serves as a sense to our identity and our existence.By us giving meaning to anything and everything, it gives us a sense of comfort knowing that it is significant or in some ways meaningful to us therefore making us feel as though we exist because we gave meaning to something which never had meaning before it came into our lives. To exist, to give meaning, and to gain an identity is all part of what it means to be human. Meaning nowadays is interpreted in many different ways, but one theory seems to tand out more than the rest, and its that meaning comes from within each individual and not from an external source.We use meaning to create ourselves, find our identities, and sustain our existence through our lifetime. In these modern times, the word meaning has been modified t o each persons own interpretations of what meaning is. The problem is, would meaning ever be completely defined? Or is it a word that us humans can attach our own meaning to? It is definitely something to think about as we progress further into the world of constant modification and start to lose the roots of our identity and even our existence.

Managing Conflict in a Female Dominated Workplace

Today more companies have opened its doors for women workers than in the past twenty years. More women are having full-time jobs and even property positions of power and influence in the corporate world. This reality might not have totally eliminated the glass ceiling concept, yet this suggests that the gender discrimination let go of is slowly eliminated in the world of work.Women have significantly impacted the corporate world. However, some studies suggest that in women-dominated workplace new challenges can emerge. This is because women interact early(a)wise and expect different things from their co-workers than men. Risk of unresolved conflict is also high as women have different get down to dealing with conflict than men.Womens approach to conflict is usually dictated and influenced by their role in the society, womens tendency to be judgmental and subjective, and societys expectations. The groundbreaking book of Phyllis Chesler fair sexs Inhumanity to Woman revealed that women have the tendency to deny that they are competitive, extend to more importance to relationship and belonging than succeeding, and expect nurture, support, and sympathy from other women. It further revealed womens subjective perception of criticism and their tendency to judge harshly other women.These appearances of women are potential source of conflict and can bewilder conflict resolution difficult. Tracy Douglass suggested ways to constructively deal with these behavior of women in the workplace to efficiently deal with conflict among them. She said that the ability to recognize exclusionary behavior of women workers and evaluate criticism constructively, make a balance and objective response, making constructive statements that are focused on the problem and not on the person, parley skills, and personal awareness of ones own behavior are important to be able to effectively manage women workers and also conflict in the workplace.The article of Tracy Douglass presented only a grain of truth about working womenand their behavior that can be a source of challenge and conflict in the workplace. The description sounded more of a social stereotyping than an objective analysis of the causes of conflict in a female dominated workplace and how to manage it. If the analysis presented is authentic then the percentage of women working will not increase.The ever-changing and expanding role of women in the management structure of the modern corporations (Rue & Byars, 2000, p. 13) proves that companies recognize that women can be effective as men. It proves that women have successfully shown that they are capable of objectively dealing with personal and work issues, as well as achieving competence in their work.Women may have inherent weaknesses but these can be eliminated or use constructively in the workplace given proper mentoring, training and other developmental programs. Nowadays an increasing number of people believe in equality of ability and opportun ity of men and women, thus more companies use mentoring programs to ensure that women gain ground skills and visibility needed to move into managerial positions (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2000, p. 342).The daycare center is not different from other working environment where training, mentoring and other developmental activities are applicable to enhance personal and professional skills of women employees. The daycare center director can turn the described handicap of women workers in dealing with conflict and co-women employees into a saving grace because their nurturing, sympathetic and supportive behaviors are what children need from their care providers.It is said that hugs like water and food are vital to health and development of infants and children (Cromie, 1998) and these too give children the sense of belongingness and safety. The female staffs are generally capable of providing these to the children with warmth, sensitivity and affection so the children will ha ve sound social development. Conflicts among women employees can be avoided if every challenge is taken as an opportunity to develop the employees and the team as a whole.ReferencesCromie, W.J. (1998). Of hugs and hormones. Retrieved January 10, 2007Noe, R.A., Hollenbeck, J.R., Gerhart, B. & Wright, P.M. (2000). Human resourcemanagement Gaining a competitive advantage (3rd ed.). capital of Singapore McGraw-HillHigher Education.Rue, L.W. & Byars, L.L. (2000). Management Skills and application (9th ed.). U.S.A.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Hearing Impairment and Specific Communication Needs Essay

In the table below total features in the environment that may help or hinder communication. Then describe in decimal point how these features may help or hinder communication. Features in the environment How may this help or hinder communication? Lighting People with a audience or sight impairment fill good lighting as they may train to be able to see your face features to see what you ar formulation to them. (Reading lips). Distractions People would not be able to hear you if you are in a busy and noisy area.For physical exercise if you grow a a couple of(prenominal) friends and everyone is talking at once the person who cant hear well wont be able to hear the conversation. Positioning You need to be facing each new(prenominal) so you can read the other persons facial expression and body language. To help understand what they are saying to you. Barriers Barriers block are view of the other person and it can impair on us understanding and hearing the person. You can also f eel uneasy. For example when you go to the bank and you bewilder a separated glass in between you. SpaceYou dont want more or lessone to be excessively close to you as you would feel uncomfortable and uneasy. We need to feel comfortable with the other person to communicate well. 1. 4 In the table below list and describe the reasons why an individual may stir specific communication needs. Then identify a Learning difficulties like down syndrome will have an effect on peoples communication because it can impair the hearing and speech communication. They can welcome it hard to form authorized words which are hard for others to understand. They also make their own way to communicate to others. Depending on how much their disability takes over them.Physical disability such as intellectual palsy which is damage to the brain can compare someones hearing and speech it all depends on what areas of the brain have been damaged. Also other physical disabilities affect the body such as lo ss of head control or facial muscle which is making it hard to communicate to others or for them to understand. A mental health condition like dementia is hard to communicate with because they may start to hallucinate and see things that we cannot. We have to remind them of certain things as their short term or long term memory has been affected.They may start to not understand what we are saying because they have forgotten what certain words mean. Hearing loss affects peoples communication because some people can be completely deaf also some people can be slightly hard of hearing. Either way to communicate with others is hard they need to see and face the person they are talking to so they can read lips or watch your body language. People who have lost their hearing in later animation will find it harder to adjust as they have alship canal relied on their hearing to communicate.Others that could have been born with deafness they would feel that they havent lost something but would have learned new ways of communication such as sign language. Sight difficulties have a huge impact on peoples lives because you are missing out on a lot of communication such as peoples body language to get the practiced effect of communication. When we lose are sight at a later stage in life it is hard to accept and can sometimes eat up people wanting to learn new communication skills. Deaf and blindness is a major concern as they have lost most ways of communicating.They can feel and touch but they havent any more senses then that. Social development is important as it is everyday life from when we are growing from child to adult. We need to socially interact with people as this is how we develop are communication skills. 1. 6 Describe the potential effect on an individual of having unmet communication needs The effect of unmet communication is that an individual can become withdrawn and have a low self-esteem or even depressed. Their behaviour can change and become angry and violent or even frustrated because they cannot communicate like everyone else.Also, if that individual does not have any support they may commit that they do not need to communicate on their views or debate on a conversation. They start to believe that there is no point in it anymore. Some individuals that have been born with communication difficulties as above and have grown will the impairment does not mean that they understand it or be able to cope with it. By not support these people we are denying them their rights and by doing this we are abusing them. 2. 3. How and when would you access development and support about identifying and addressing specific communication needs?We access information and support when we give others support in their lives as everyone is different and we need to survive different techniques. Such as having photographs or pen and paper to communicate with people. When we look into peoples records we must follow correct policy and procedure. Keep con fidentiality. If the information we need is not there then we look on the internet, books, journals and reports. When we support people we may need to work with other professionals. Such as occupational therapists, psychiatrists and speech and language therapists etc.

History †10th Grade Short Essays Essay

What qualities in George upper-case letter make him a good choice for commanding the basal army? What were his most valuable contributions to liberty?Washington would lead the Patriots to a surprising victory over Great Britain. There are many qualities that made George Washington into the great leader that he was. These qualities can be seen by the many decisions he made throughout his role as Commander-in-Chief of the Continental army and as President. Washington was a heroic man. As a general of the Continental Army, George Washington often rode with his troops a yen the front lines and brought them in concert during of import battles. An example of this is before the battle of Trenton. In December of 1776, Washington personally led his troops across the icy Delaware River into New Jersey on a surprise attack on a Hessian outpost. This shows that George Washington is a brave man, as he is willing to sacrifice for his people. He in addition doesnt just call orders and expect his men to comply but instead he leads them himself which shows that he is passionate about what hes doing. Washington was too experienced when it came to military matters.His knowledge came from his experience because he had fought during the French Indian War and proved to be skilled in commanding troops. Washington was also a very wise leader he knew that he could form an alliance with either Britain or France during the 1790s. It was too dangerous to side with one or the other because of the political chaos in Europe. So instead he said that the United States should stay neutral. Although it took years for both nations to acknowledge the United States neutrality, Washingtons position for the country paid off. These were some of George Washingtons most valuable contributions to independence. Washington was gifted with the ability to reason things out, to examine matters thoroughly before making decisions. Washington also worked very hard.The combat of the revolutionary war bega n in spring 1775. Why did colonists wait until the summer of 1776 to declare independence?They had been dependent on the British government for so long that declaring independence was very controversial at that time. Some members of the continental congress actually valued independence while others just wanted to make peace with the British, but they realized that this was non possible and even if it was they would be hung for treason. doubting Thomas Paine then wrote an highly influential pamphlet in 1776, which was very controversial, persuading many colonists to become independent. It called not simply for independence, but for the creation of a new kind of political society, a republic, where power flowed from the people themselves, not from a corrupt and despotic monarch. Many of the colonial Americans didnt want to support independence until a year into the war. They alone wanted to declare independence in 1776 because they thought that they were too far into the war to go back.Account for the widespread and enthusiastic colonial reception of Thomas Paines common sense.It promoted the law the law is higher than the king. This was very popular with Americans because it promoted the idea that the king is not absolute. Most people believed that king George was the problem with the British government and this message appealed to them .It also gave arguments of why the British who were three thousand miles away and smaller should govern America. Many people felt that someone as far away as Britain should not govern America because they would not give up their best interests in mind. Its very good use of imagery was utilize to provoke thoughts among the colonists. Many colonists who read this pamphlet felt a deep desire to support the revolutionary cause because of the imagery, it caused a lot of anger and vexation among the Americans.Colonists had debated with parliament and protested its actions since 1763. Why, then, did the declaration of independe nce single out king George iii as a tyrant threatening their liberties?The King was the obvious symbol of the British Empire. He was also the single most determined person in trying to prevent independence. A speech by the King in slow 1775 called for the maximum level of force to stop the revolution and to punish the colonies and included language that made the rebels very angry. The King was extremely unpopular in America. George third represented England and by extension parliament and never did anything to protest those acts. The reason why they were treated badly was because the American people felt that they were powerless against them and the British evils of America.Write your definition of loyalty. Then explain why the loyalists were held in such low regard and treated with abuse during the revolutionary war.Loyalty is faithfulness or a devotion to something. Loyalty is standing up for what you believe in, when everyone sits down.Actually, during the American Revolution, stalwarts also would have considered the Rebels with low regard. Only the outcome of the war made the Loyalist cause the losing side, which were the bad guys. This is because history tends to brand losers of war as the villains. Fighting between Loyalists and Rebels in South Carolina was particularly bitter. We forget that not all American colonists wanted independence from Britain. A rough assessment might be that one third were for rebellion, another third were loyalists and a third were neutral and had no opinions on this matter.The Revolutionary War became particularly nasty in the southern colonies during 1780-1781.Both sides Loyalist and Rebel abused each other during the war. Many Americans and loyalists felt betrayed by the other because they had betrayed their cause and thus each side treated each other brutally.List the three most important battles of the revolutionary war. Justify your selections.Lexington hold in The first battle of the Revolutionary War was the Battl e of Concord and Lexington. On April 19th, 1775 American Militamen fought 800 British troops. The battle started in Concord. 73 British soldiers were killed and over 2 hundred were wounded. 49 American soldiers were killed and 39 were wounded. This basically started the American Revolution.Battle of Saratoga The turning point of the war, British general John Burgoyne free falled over 9000 soldiers. Americans throw control of the north.Siege of Yorktown Americans with help from the French, defeat the British. The battle of York town was the most important battle in the revolutionary war. During the battle of Seratoga general Burgyne felt he had no other option but to press to albany. However the American army was blocking the route to Bemis Heights. The british made two attempts to fragmentise through the American forces, but they failed. After the second attempt they retreted to searatoga. There they were surrounded by American troops.The British had no choice but to surrender on Oct. 13, 1777. One fourth of the British forces in north America have, even though there were many battles to be fought. This insured the American independence. General Cornwalis arrived in Petersburg in May of 1781. After receiving instructions General Cornwalis went to Yorktown and began preparation for a naval base. General Washington moved south and, together with the French ground and naval forces surrounded the British army, forcing them to surrender and eventually ending the warMany historians argue that without French aid the colonies could never have won their independence. Do you agree or disagree? Why?It is not likely. The involvement of the French provided some major victories for the Colonists. Without them the war would have lasted longer. The extremely long line of supply for England was a major short fall at that point in time. The war was also draining the monetary coffers of England. The American colonies could not have succeeded in defeating the British Empir e without French aid. The colonists were not soldiers they had no military training. The colonies had no government to pay for supplies and weapons. The colonists had no chance of success without inappropriate aid. Before France would ally with the colonies, they wanted to be sure that the colonists had the capability of winning the war. This was accomplished when the colonists defeated the British at the Battle of Saratoga.

Compare and contrast mongol rule Essay

During the 12th and 13th centuries the Mongols swept across Eurasia and conquered various peoples, including the Persians and Chinese. There are many slmllarltles and differences In the political and frugal effects of Mongol bump on the Abbasid Empire In Persia and on the Yuan Dynasty In china. In both regions, the Mongols were relatively broad of all religions. However, they differed in that the Mongols allowed Persia to have native administrators but did not allow China to. When the Mongols ruled in Persia and China, they respected all the religions they encountered.In Persia, the Mongols were attracted to Islam and overtime they ssimilated to it. The Mongols were intrigued by Muslim society and by the year 1295, the Persian khanate had converted to Islam. They built mosques throughout the region and returned Islam toa privileged position of Persian society. The Mongols were also tolerant of the other religions in Persia including. Nestorian Christianity, Buddhism and Judaism. In China as well, the Mongols respected all cultural and religious traditions. They began to adopt some of Chinese culture, like root worship.Khubilai Khan even built temples for his predecessors, so he could practice ancestor worship. The Mongols tolerated religions and belief systems such as, Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism and Christianity. They allowed churches, temples and shrines to be built, because they wanted to maintain a good human relationship with the people ot the region. Although the Mongols tolerated Confucianism, they did not allow It to have official support. The Mongols effects on rellglon In Persia and china were quite kindred.The Mongols ways of governing In Persia differed from how they governed In China. In Persia, the Mongols ruled using ideas from Persian bureaucracy. They set up many district and appointed provincial governors. The highest government positions were held by Mongols, but Persians were allowed to be government offcers at lower levels. Persi ans served as state officials, ministers and provincial governors. The Mongols allowed the Persians to govern the ilkhanate because they knew the Persians had a successful government and would be able to maintain order.However, the Mongols required the Persians to bring through tax receipts as a way of limiting Persian power. The Mongols set up government in China very differently than they had in Persia. The Mongols pushed native Chinese people to the bottom of the hierarchy. The Mongols got rid of Civil Service Exams because they thought there was no need for them. They did not appoint use of Chinese administrative talent instead they had foreign administrators govern China. The governing staff included Persians, Arabs and some Europeans.The Mongols didnt want Chinese people to rule because all they wanted from China was to generate revenue and have the people be cultivators. The Mongols governed and treated the Chinese and Persian people very differently. The Mongols political and economic control on Persia and China were alike In some ways and unalike in others. The treatment and tolerance of religions in China ere very similar to that In Persia. Yet, the administrative control in Persia differed than the administrative control In China.The Mongols had multiple methods of ruling conquered regions, none 0T wnlcn were very successTul. However, tnrougnout the Mongols rule, they facilitated trade and encouraged long blank communication throughout Eurasia, which led to cultural diffusion that can still be seen today. Additionally, the Mongols support of Islam helped establish its popularity and encouraged its spread, which has contributed to Islam being the fastest growing and trice largest religion.

Concert Review

Despite sla rattling legally ending in 1 865, African Americans still didnt have the same rights as white Americans. Jazz was music that both black and white people could enjoy. By the 1 sass, jazz was growing in popularity and included influences from Europe as well as Africa (Washington post). The Jazz Band featured a series of special guests such as Johnny Gonzales (Saxophone), Dennis Dotson (Trumpet), and Bobby Guess (Bass Trombone). Highs Blues is a railway line that was composed by Jeff Jarvis.The direct role players were Jeff Lam with he Vibes, Kali Pinions with the Alto Sax, Ray Hills with the Piano, Ashley Flowers with the Trumpet, and Jimmy Banks with the Guitar. This pieces dynamic or volume was very loudly and/or truly cheapjack. The melody seemed to have been fairly conjunct with metered rhythm. The texture was apparently homophobic with a thick texture. Cantaloupe Island is a tune that was composed by Hancock. The primary instrumentalists were Each Outlander with the Trumpet and Tory Zimmerman with the Fullerton. The Fullerton is defined as a brass musical instrument like a cornet but with a mellower tone.The aim of the Fullerton in this piece demonstrated the wide dynamic range the ensemble had. The dynamics or volume was fortissimo and/or very loud. Candy professional dancer is a tune that was composed by Jeff Jarvis. The primary instrumentalists were Marcel Primes with the Bass, Michael Williams with the Piano, Kali Pinions with the Alto Sax, Ashley Flowers with the Trumpet, and Jimmy Banks with the Guitar. Horn of Pungent is a tune that was composed by Goodwin. The primary instrumentalist was Ashley Mowers with the Trumpet. This was one of the first solo performances that the band completed.The trumpet, being a brass musical instrument with a flared bell and a bright, get in tone, influenced the dynamic or volume of the piece to be fortissimo or very loud. The rhythm was also metered and the Timbre or quality of sound was very clear. A nother piece that essentially managed to do the same thing was Top Dog. Top Dog is a tune that was composed by Yeastiness. The primary instrumentalist was Each Outlander with the Trumpet. Both solos demonstrated both virtuosity and expression, along with some humorous moments. Solos serve to highlight performers ability to playOff each other, while allowing his or her psyche strength to shine through. Aarons Blues is a tune that was composed by Chip McNeill. The primary instrumentalists were Michael Williams with the Piano, Eel Baker, with the Alto Sax, Bobby Guess with the Bass Trombone, and Denny Willie with the Trumpet. This piece contained a backbreaking melody with a Forte or loud dynamic. Magellan is a tune that was composed by Strongmen. The primary instrumentalists were Michael Williams with the Piano, Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet, and Bob Peel with the Tenor Sax.This piece seemed to be a bit distinct or jumping all over the place because of the unusual instruments that were combined. For the most part, this pieces dynamic was fortissimo or very loud while the timbre or quality of sound was clear. Jeannine is a tune that was logical by Taylor. The primary instrumentalists were Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet and Johnny Goggles with the Sax. This piece reminded me of eager Jazz that was played in Jazz Houses by imitators of New Orleans. Theres Only So Much Oil in the Ground is a tune that was arranged by Tomato.The primary instrumentalists were Johnny Goggles with the Sax and Michael Williams with the Top Organ sounds. This piece seemed to be fortissimo or very loud. It seemed to be Polyphonic by containing multiple melodic lines of equal importance. Finally, Rock This Town is a tune that was arranged by Dave Wolfe. The primary instrumentalists Were Dennis Dotson with the Trumpet and Johnny Goggles with the Sax. This piece was fortissimo or very loud. This piece also reminded me of the swing era where music was performed in order to encourage dance . They called this era the binge band RA.

Lehman Brothers

Research a failure that occurred at a bigger organization such as Tyco, Chrysler/Daimler-Benz, Daewoo, WorldCom, or Enron. In an APA formatted paper that is no longer than 1,050 words, describe how specific organizational behavior theories could have predicted or can explain the failure of the company. Comp atomic number 18 and contrast the contributions of leadership, management, and organizational structures to the organizational failure. Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc, the quarter largest US investing bank, succumbed to the sub prime mortgage crisis in the biggest bankruptcy register in history.The 158 year old theater, which startd railroad bankruptcies of the 1800s, the great depression in the 1930s, & the collapse of long term jacket cr suffer management a decade ago, filed a chapter 11 petition with US bankruptcy caught in Manhattan on September, 15. The interest day, its investment banking & trading divisions were acquired by Barclays plc along with its New York headqua rters building. In the biggest reshaping of the pecuniary industry since the Great Depression, W whole Streets most celebrated firm, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. , headed towards extinction.The 158 year old firm, which survived railroad bankruptcies of the 1800s, the great depression in the 1930s, & the collapse of long term capital management a decade ago, filed a chapter 11 petition with US bankruptcy caught in Manhattan on September, 15. The following day, its investment banking & trading divisions were acquired by Barclays plc along with its New York headquarters building. The collapse of Lehman, which listed to a greater extent than $613 million of debt, dwarfs World Com Incs insolvency in 2002 & Drexel Burnham Lamberts failure in 1990.What happened that week hold on was that the Fed got a bunch of bank presidents unitedly and asked them to invest in Lehman (basically loan Lehman money). The bank CEOs, knowing the risk of such a loan (they could see Lehmans finances), re fused to do so without more or little kind of assistance from the government (whether it be loss-protection, the government paying half(prenominal) of the loan, etc etc). Hank Paulson, the Secretary of Treasury, refused to do this, saying that he didnt want to saddle the taxpayers with paying to save a private company that screwed up. detachment process IMIDIATE AFTER EFFECTS- US derivations tumbled, more than $300 one million million million in market value, pummeled by the developments. Lehman plunged 95% AIG retreated 42% on funding concerns turn wedge of the States Corp slumped 14% after agreeing to buy Merrill Lynch & Co. for $50 billion. The bankruptcy filing represents the peculiarity of a 158-year-old company that survived world wars, the Asiatic financial crisis and the collapse of hedge fund Long-Term Capital Management, but non the global credit crunch.Financial institutions globally have recorded more than $500 billion of write-downs and credit losings as the U . S. subprime mortgage crisis has spread to other markets. textbookmark-start textbookmark-end depositruptcy also represents a bad end to Chief Executive Dick Fulds four-decade c beer at Lehman. Fuld, who piloted the investment bank through prior crises with aplomb, was widely seen as too slow to recognize Lehmans choose to raise capital and shed bad assets. Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy because they failed to raise enough capital to secure their debts.The next logical question is why did they have so much debt? This is a two-fold answer guerrilla, Lehman had a ton of what is called leveraged assets. Basically what happened (the non-basic is for another(prenominal) question) is Lehman took their assets and took out loans secured by those assets (for instance, using their on-hand change as down payments on loans) and correspondly invested those loans in the aforementioned property derivatives. So, not plainly did those investments lose value, but Lehman had to pay the i nterest on the money they borrowed (and subsequently lost).In short, Lehman was a disaster of the credit crunch collectible to motion picture to bad debt. In August 2007, the firm closed its subprime lender, BNC Mortgage, eliminating 1,200 positions in 23 locations, and took an after-tax charge of $25 one one trillion billion million million million and a $27 million reduction in good allow). Lehman give tongue to that poor market conditions in the mortgage space necessitated a substantial reduction in its resources and force in the subprime space. At the end of August 07, Lehman had $600 billion of assets financed with just $30 billion of e fall by the waysidey.Having so little capital meant that a 5 portion decline in assets would wipe out the value of the company, which investors saw as a real risk due to the companys billions of sawbucks of mortgage securities. In 2008, Lehman faced an rare loss to the continuing subprime mortgage crisis. Lehmans loss was apparently a result of having held on to large positions in subprime and other lower-rated mortgage tranches when securitizing the underlying mortgages whether Lehman did this because it was simply ineffectual to sell the lower-rated bonds, or made a conscious decision to hold them, is unclear.In any event, huge losses accrued in lower-rated mortgage-backed securities throughout 2008. In the foster fiscal quarter, Lehman reported losses of $2. 8 billion and was forced to sell off $6 billion in assets. In the first gear half of 2008 alone, Lehman bourgeon lost 73% of its value as the credit market continued to tighten. In August 2008, Lehman reported that it intended to release 6% of its practice force, 1,500 people, just ahead of its third-quarter-reporting deadline in September. On August 22, 2008, shares in Lehman closed up 5% (16% for the week) on reports that the state-controlled Korea Development aver was considering buying the bank. close of those gains were quickly eroded as news c ame in that Korea Development Bank was facing difficulties pleasing regulators and attracting break openners for the deal. It culminated on September 9, when Lehmans shares plunged 45% to $7. 79, after it was reported that the state-run southeasterly Korean firm had put talks on hold. On September 17, 2008 Swiss Re estimates its overall net exposure approximately CHF 50 million to Lehman Brothers. Investor confidence continued to erode as Lehmans stock lost roughly half its value and pushed the S&P 500 down 3. 4% on September 9.The Dow Jones lost 300 points the same day on investors concerns just about the security of the bank. The U. S. government did not announce any programs to assist with any doable financial crisis that emerged at Lehman. The next day, Lehman announced a loss of $3. 9 billion and their intent to sell off a majority stake in their investment-management line of business, which includes Neuberger Berman. The stock slid 7 percent that day. Lehman, after earl ier rejecting questions on the sale of the company, was reportedly searching for a buyer as its stock price dropped another 40 percent on September 11, 2008.Just before the collapse of Lehman Brothers, executives at Neuberger Berman sent e-mail memos redeing, among other things, that the Lehman Brothers top people forgo multi-million dollar inducementes to send a strong message to both employees and investors that management is not shirking accountability for recent performance. Lehman Brothers Investment Management Director George Herbert Walker IV, second cousin to U. S. President George Walker Bush, dismissed the proposal, going so far as to actually apologize to other members of the Lehman Brothers executive committee for the idea of bonus reduction having been suggested.He wrote, Sorry team. I am not sure whats in the water at Neuberger Berman. Im embarrassed and I apologize. In its Chapter 11 filing, Lehman named Citibank and Bank of New York Mellon as trustees for about $ 138 billion of senior Lehman bonds. It said Citis Hong Kong affiliate had made a $275 million bank loan to Lehman. Among Lehmans other unsecured creditors are Japanese banks Aozora Bank, Mizuho Financial Group Inc, Shinsei Bank and UFJ Bank. Frances BNP Paribas is also on Lehmans list of its 30 largest unsecured creditors.The firm said that as of May 31, it owed about $110. 5 billion on account of senior unsecured notes, $12. 6 billion on account of subordinated unsecured notes, and $5 billion on account of jr. subordinated notes. Lehman also disclosed that it own stakes of 10 percent or more in a number of companies, including Imperial Sugar Co , Lpath Inc, derma Services, Flagstone Reinsurance, GLG Partners, Ronco Corp , Pacific Energy Partners, Blount International , Pemstar Inc and Transmontaigne Inc.The investment bank, once the fourth-largest in the United States, had hoped to raise capital by selling off a stake in its investment unit, and use that capital as well as other cash to spin off some of its toxic assets to shareholders. alone that plan did not satisfy investors, who punished Lehmans share price, or rating agencies, who pressed the company to find a stronger intermitner. Lehman said the uncertainty, particularly among banks through which it clears securities trades, last made it impossible for it to continue to operate its business.The bankruptcy filing comes after a weekend of heated negotiations among regulators and Wall Street firms about Lehmans fate. The U. S. government refused to catcher Lehmans worst assets the way it backstopped Bear Stearns Cos Incs sale to JPMorgan Chase. Government officials told banks to support Lehman or else be prepared for more investment banks to lose investor confidence and fail. further prospective bidders refused to buy Lehman without government support, people briefed on the matter said. In the end, Lehman was allowed to fail, and Bank of America Corp agreed to buy what was seen as the next weakest U.S. investment bank, Merrill Lynch & Co Inc. For many of Lehmans 26,000 employees the outlook is likely to be gloomy, with job losses expect to be substantial even if significant parts of the business can be sold. At Lehmans headquarters in midtown Manhattan on Sunday afternoon, men dressed in suits came and went, while some employees entered the building with what appeared to be inane duffel bags, then left with them full. Others emerged with accordion files, binders stuffed with papers and full valises.On Sunday night, hundreds of Lehman employees were still in the office to clear their desks and pack personal belongings, according to an employee. Several money-market funds and institutional cash funds had significant exposure to Lehman with the institutional cash fund run by The Bank of New York Mellon and the principal(a) Reserve Fund, a money-market fund, both falling below $1 per share, called breaking the buck, following losses on their holdings of Lehman assets. In a st atement The Bank of New York Mellon said its fund had isolated the Lehman assets in a separate structure. It said the assets accounted for 1. 3% of its fund. The drop in the Primary Reserve Fund was the first time since 1994 that a money-market fund had dropped below the $1-per-share level. About 100 hedge funds used Lehman as their prime broker and relied largely on the firm for financing. As administrators) took charge of the London business and the U. S. holding company filed for bankruptcy, positions held by those hedge funds at Lehman were frozen. As a result the hedge funds are being forced to de-lever and sit on large cash balances inhibiting chances at further growth. In Japan, banks and insurers announced a combined 249 billion long ($2. billion) in potential losses tied to the collapse of Lehman. Mizuho Trust & Banking Co. cut its profit forecast by more than half, citing 11. 8 billion yen in losses on bonds and loans linked to Lehman. The Bank of Japan Governor Masaaki S hirakawa said Most lending to Lehman Brothers was made by major Japanese banks, and their possible losses seem to be within the levels that can be covered by their profits, adding in that location is no concern that the latest events will threaten the stability of Japans financial system. During bankruptcy proceedings a lawyer from The Royal Bank of Scotland Group said the company is facing between $1. billion and $1. 8 billion in claims against Lehman partially based on an unsecured guarantee from Lehman and connected to trading losses with Lehman subsidiaries, Martin Bienenstock. After Constellation Energy was reported to have exposure to Lehman, its stock went down 56% in the first day of trading having started at $67. 87. The massive drop in stocks led to the New York Stock Exchange stop trade of Constellation. The next day, as the stock plummeted as low as $13 per share, Constellation announced it was hiring Morgan Stanley and UBS to advise it on strategic alternatives sugge sting a buyout. magic spell rumors suggested French power company Electricite de France would buy the company or increase its stake, Constellation ultimately agreed to a buyout by MidAmerican Energy, part of Berkshire Hathaway (headed by billionaire warren Buffett). The Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation or Farmer Mac said it would have to write off $48 million in Lehman debt it owned as a result of the bankruptcy. Farmer Mac said it may not be in compliance with its minimum capital requirements at the end of September. 2008). economies.Furthermore, such wealth effects tend to play out gradually. The 158 year old Lehman Brothers move to file for bankruptcy wiped off more than Rs2000 crore from the market paygrade of those Indian companies in which the US financial major made equity investments. Major stocks held through participatory notes issued by Lehman Brothers Investment Management, a SEBI- registered foreign institutional investor, saw their prices nosedive. Participa tory notes are derivative instruments through which foreign investors that are not registered in India can trade on the Indian markets.In assenting to its equity holdings in listed companies, Lehman had also invested in various projects of Indian companies, especially in real estate. In India, Lehman also acquired BRICS Institutional Equities business of research analysts and gross sales and trading professionals and bought a 26% stake in Edelweiss Capital Finance , a non banking financial company, recently. The investment banking major has also been involved in several Indian initial public offers. IT SECTOR- The meltdown in US had a huge impact on indian IT & IT companies as a large chunk of their revenues is from US.Thus, the crisis had definitely delayed various new projects. Market sources revealed that the companies affected by the crisis such as Lehman Brothers, Merill Lynch and AIG have been outsourcing work to wipro, Tata Consultancy Services & Infosys. There was a consu me impact on the revenues of this companies. As more & more consolidation, acquisition & mergers took place in the US, the number of companies in this space came down & shrunk the addressable market for the Indian IT services companies. Consolidation also led to consolidated IT resources & reduction in IT spending, which had negative effect on the IT companies.The slowdown also had an jmpact on the hiring practices of Indian IT services companies, who had to now focus on just-in-time hiring, rather than advanced hiring practices like campus recruitment. Thus, w. r. t. Lehman, as much as 60% of the revenue of Indias computer software firms comes from the global financial sector, so the fallout of Lehmans bankruptcy on Indias IT sector cn be well imagined. REAL ESTATE- The collapse of Lehman Brothers and the bailout of Merrill Lynch, the global financial behemoths, affected Indian realty companies that were in the process of raising fresh funds.Many leading realtors, already facing a paucity of funds due to a slowdown or a correction in prices, found it more difficult to raise resources even at the project level. Merrill Lynch & Lehman Brothers had exposure to more than a dozen realty companies, including, Ansal Housing, Anant Raj Industries, Unity Infrastructure, the Puravankara group and J Kumar Infrastructure, among others. The Indian companies are not only unable to raise fresh capital but they are also finding it difficult to sell the inventory of accommodate stock as demand & prices both have fallen.BANKING- ICICI Bank said that it might need to make an additional provision of $28 million (Rs. 188 crore) on its exposure to bonds issued by Lehman. It had already made provisions of $12 million on these bonds. Indian IT major Wipro Technologies has expressed interest in bidding for the Indian back office business of Lehman. The bankrupt investment banking firm is expected to close its captive unit in Mumbai by the end of this month. The units 1200 employees , who work on equity research and analytics support for the mergers and acquisitions business, have been asked to quit by September end.Unlike employees in Lehmans investment banking business who have been receiving feelers from domestic banks, employees in the captive BPO are unlikely to find alternative jobs quickly because the IT and IT- enabled services industries have already begun downsizing, owing to the global financial crisis. The RBI had moved quickly to improve liquidity. Still there could be some impact on credit availability. That implies more expensive credit (even public sector banks are said to be raising money at 11. 5%, so that lending evaluate will inch up to 16 % and amplyer).For companies looking to raise capital, the alternative of funding through fresh equity is not cheap, either, since stock valuations have stand uped in the wake of the FII pull out. Capital has suddenly become more expensive. There is a risk that projects underway will suffer from delays and cost overruns as cost of credit shoots up. Real estate could be most affected sector. Builders may have to resort to dropping prices to find customers for housing projects nearing completion. Another worry is impact on job creation in the country.There could be downsizing in companies in sectors impacted by high cost of credit and fall in demand. The layoffs in IT sector may be a fair portent of things to come. The crisis does have a silver lining. The falling rupee(against the dollar) will mean that exporters affected by the earlier rise of the currency can breathe easy. However importers would be at the receiving end. Importers of oil and other commodities prices will neutralize the impact of the dollars decline against the rupee. Prices of stocks and real estate, which had appreciated by too much, will come down to realistic levels.The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy filing indicate that as of their May 31, 2008 financial statement that the firm has $639 billion of assets and $61 3 billion of debt. At that time the firm had about $110 billion in ordinary bonds, and about $17. 6 billion in subordinated bonds. The composition of the other debts is hard to determine, in part, because of a bad cross reference in that part of the filing. As of the last financial statement, accounts payable were about $71 billion, short term debt was $163 billion, other current liabilities were about $29 billion, and long term debt was about $350 billion.As of the filing date, the listing of the top 30 outsider creditors of the firm mentioned $138 billion of ordinary bonds (managed by two bond trustees), $17 billion of subordinated bonds (managed by one of the two ordinary bond trustees), and about 3 billion in bank loans and letters of credit ranging in size from $463 million to $10 million from 23 different institutions (a few of whom appear to be related entities of each other). This leaves about $485 million of debts owed to creditors in amounts less than $10 million and insid er debtors.This would suggest that $71 billion+ is made up of trade credit in small amounts per creditor, while $414 billion is made up of financial creditors in amounts less than $10 million and insider debt, with insider debt probably making up the bulk of the debts, as investment banks dont generally take deposits from millions of households the way that commercial banks do. There dont appear to be any significant (i. e. more than $10 million) secured creditors or trade creditors, although this might not include financial rights of setoff.There are more details in an Affidavit of the CFO, which is honestly rather dubious and unsatisfying. I find it very hard to believe that Lehman Brothers is incapable of providing much, much more information than it has to date with only modest effort. While it might not be able to provide ever one creditor in a matter of weeks, it ought to be able to publicly account for more than a third of its outstanding debt. These folks are in the financi al analysis business and live and die on their own ability to be highly leveraged without becoming insolvent.Equity The most recent financial statement listed the aggregate value of preferred stock at $7 billion (and did not include it as a debtor in the petition). The aggregate redemption value of the preferred stock based upon the rights of each grade of preferred stock, the number of preferred shares identified in the petition (presumably the number of authorized preferred shares in each class), and assuming that preferred stock dividends arent grossly in arrears, is about $237 billion. This is calculated as follows 5 million shares, $500 each, $2. 5 billion 4 million shares, $5000 each, $2. billion 12 million shares, $2500 each, $30 billion 5. 2 million shares, $2500 each, $12. 5 billion 66 million shares, $2500 each, $165 billlion 12 million shares, $25 each, $0. 3 billion 12 million shares, $25 each, $0. 3 billion 16 million shares, $25 each, $0. 4 billion 8 million shares, $ 25 each, $0. 2 billion 4 million shares, $1000 each, $4 billion 2 million shares, $1000 each, $2 billion But, this appears to grossly overstate the amount of preferred stock shares outstanding. There are 694,401,926 common shares outstanding according to the petition.Assets The source balance statement listed the companys assets as $314 billion in cash, $42 billion in net receivables, $4. 3 billion in fixed assets, and $279 billion in non-current assets. Presumably, this number is lower now, due to market losses, particularly in mortgage based securities. Some breakdown on the nature of those assets is available Sanford Bernstein analyst Brad Hintz estimates that 55% of Lehmans balance sheet can be quickly liquidated, particularly such assets as receivables and short-term loans cognise as repurchase agreements.There are about $269 billion in securities that are another story, Hintz wrote in a report released Monday. He estimates 27% of the $269 billion is in mortgages, 17% in deriv atives, and 8% in real estate. Analysis The two primary bond trustees seem likely to be the dominant function on behalf of creditors in this bankruptcy on the creditors committee. This could be a 100% payout liquidity failure bankruptcy, and failing that, could be one in which common stock shareholders, preferred stock shareholders, and perhaps subordinated debtors bear the brunt of the impact, while general creditors are held harmless or nearly so.Indeed, if the company adopts a plan that holds harmless all preferred and general unsecured creditors, and all secured creditors, then only the holders of subordinated debt would have any right to object. Since all of the subordinated debt appears to be represented by a single bond trustee, this might mean that the plan could be confirmed in a one on one negotiation with the representative of that bank. Equity and subordinated debt together are capable of absorbing a $43 billion loss between May 31, 2008 and the bankruptcy filing, and p re-bankruptcy loss estimates had been in the vicinity of $7 billion.Barclays Bank is discussing buying the brokerage and investment banking operations including the headquarters out of bankruptcy for about $8 billion (presumably the usually highly profitable brick and mortar part of the operation which probably also counts for most accounts payable and accounts receivable), and assuming that this is a market value for that operation by some reasonable measure, the market losses that other creditors would have to bear would remain unchanges, but greater liquidity could speed up the payout.The bankruptcy filing covers only Lehmans holding company. Its brokerage and money-management units are not in Chapter 11 employees still have their jobs, customers still execute transactions on accounts, and portfolio managers still manage mutual funds. The relative emancipation of these subsidiaries from the bankruptcy process is what enables Barclays, the U. K. -bank that walked away from a Le hman rescue over the weekend, to consider purchasing part of Lehman.Another interesting possibility would be a plan that allocated good, short term assets to outsider creditors as payment in full, while allocating securities of uncertain value, like the mortgage backed securities, to the insiders. Outsiders cant object if they get quick cash in exchange of the debts owed to them, so this plan could be imposed on them, leaving insiders with any windfalls resulting from market undervaluation of Lehman Brothers complex financial assets.The biggest overall risk is that the derivatives market, and in particular, the credit default market, will be screwed up by the freezing of the positions of a major market player, although recent bankruptcy law reforms are knowing to minimize this impact. Financial crises are terrifying when underlying economic fundamentals are out of line with established theory, leading to bursts of unjustified optimism and/or pessimism. It is the state of the power s that be to bring sense to the market. Every financial crisis is different, but they do all end.The Lehman Brothers bankruptcy and Merrill Lynchs acquisition by Bank of America is yet another stage in the progression of the financial crisis that had its roots in the US sub-prime mortgage market. The initial stage of the crisis took a toll on direct mortgage lenders like Countrywide Financial. In a subsequent stage, guarantors of mortgage-backed securities like Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae came under attack. This culminated in their going into US government receivership (effectively nationalization) a few weeks ago before the bankruptcy was actually filed.Lehmans demise marks the stage where banks with indirect but large exposures to the US mortgage market, in general through derivative instruments, bear the brunt. This is not necessarily the last-place stage and the worst is perhaps not over. A key feature of this crisis that started in the center of attention of 2007 has been the lack of clarity on both the nature and number of financial institutions that have indirect exposure to subprime assets, as well as, cross-product problems involving movement from subprime to prime mortgages with final spillover into derivatives, structured products and counterparty risks.We could see another set of intermediaries coming under severe pressure. The decision by the US Treasury and the Fed not to guarantee Lehmans financial liabilities is a clear signal to the market that they believe that no institution is too big to fail. Going forward, a government-funded bailout is likely to be the exception, not the norm. Besides, with Lehmans bankruptcy, the fate of its counterparties hangs in balance. It is not clear whether a fire-sale of Lehmans assets will be adequate to pay off its creditors.Besides, apprehensions of other banks come across Lehmans fate will keep inter-bank lenders on edge. This could lead to a huge squeeze on inter-bank liquidity and trigger another bout o f upthrow in credit markets. Finally, the Lehman episode has ramped up the level of risk-aversion in the global financial system. These are days of extreme and often irrational pessimism. The way to survive this crisis is to stay focused on the fundamentals. From a fundamental perspective, Indias financial system has a lot going for it. Indian banks have no direct exposure to G-7 mortgage markets and their ndirect exposure is minuscule relative to the size of their balance sheet. This has protected us in the past and will continue to insulate us to a significant degree from the turmoil in global markets. As this phase of extreme pessimism abates a bit, global investors are likely to reward India for the cogency of its system. Thus, at last, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc, was mainly caused by the fall in house prices & the easy finance provided for housing at vary low interest rates which made the Dow Jones Industrial Average to fall 500 points.The treasury secreta ry Henry M. Paulson Jr. had been sending warning signals to Lehman Brothers ever since the firm announced its second quarter losses of $2. 8 billion. Experts were also quoted as saying that the 158-year-old bank was just living off the brand name that it had nurtured over the years. The Lehman bankruptcy had a great impact on INDIA. The undercapitalization of financial houses that was at the core of the financial meltdown in the US & developed markets became a problem in Indian Financial System, too.

Current Political Dimensions and Issues of Globalization Essay

globalisation refers to those processes whereby geographicly distant events and terminations impact to a suppuration degree on local anesthetic university life. Also it foot be viewed as link towards the reaping of sociable interconnectedness across subsisting geographical and policy-making boundaries. orbiculateization is the process of increasing interconnectedness & interdependent ness of mickle and places as a result of improved transport and communication and information technologies that ensures countries stay together as ace community.In internationalization, political, sparing, kind, religious and cultural issues usually interplay in producing a world(prenominal)ize introduction. The world is becoming one. almost contemporary brotherly theorists endorse the view that globularization refers to fundamental changes in the spatial and temporal contours of social existence, according to which the significance of s railway yard or territory undergoes shifts in th e face of a no less(prenominal) melodramatic acceleration in the temporal structure of polar forms of human activity. Geographical distance is typically measured in time. (Brawley, 2002)The worlds globalization can be traced impale to numerous decades when distinct countries of the world saw the need to hand over globalization of the prudence, politics, and societies, religious by the creation of links that ordain ensure that on that point is coordination in all the aforementioned aspects that form the basis of any rural atomic number 18a. thither has been capital integration in the economic sector among countries in, this is what is comm sole(prenominal) referred as economic globalization. The turbulent economic growth among many countries in the world can be attributed to globalization.This implies that globalization has helped reduce poverty in many developing counties. Western political theory has conventionally presupposed the existence of territorially bound com munities, whose borders can be more or less neatly delineated from those of other communities. The contemporary liberal politics has it that to direct of bounded communities whose fundamental structure consists of self-sufficient schemes of cooperation for all the essential purposes of human life. (David, 1995)The current political issues in any given kingdom be based on how to achieve and utilize globalization. Most of the countries take hold resolved to form partnerships with most of the countries in the world so as to integrate their resources ge atomic number 18d towards game production.The whole process of globalization promotes proper and easy access to the world market among the partners. This role is vie by inter subject atomic number 18as organizations that flummox tried to promote liberal markets. For instance business people on opposite continents now engage in electronic commerce television allows people situated anywhere to wield the impact of terrible wars b eing waged far from the comfort of their living rooms academics make use of the latest video conferencing equipment to organize seminars in which participants are located at disparate geographical localisation of functions the earnings allows people to communicate instantaneously with each other notwithstanding vast geographical distances separating them. (Burchill & Linklater, 1996).The whole process of globalization has its own challenges where the poor countries are not able to compete trenchantly in the world markets and as such the poor countries are unable to give up economic growth. There is great disparity among the true and the developing countries and this is withal inherent to the people of these countries where we have a cock-a-hoop imbalance in the midst of the poor and the rich. ascribable to the process of globalization countries have a challenge on how to have political shifts that will enhance their global growth. The political shift usually twisted toward s the stakeholders of globalization. Corruption fighting is the recognize issue towards globalization for any state of matter. Covering a wide range of distinct political, economic, and cultural trends, the enclosure globalization has quickly become one of the most fashionable buzzwords of contemporary political and academic debate.In popular discourse, globalization oft functions as little more than a synonym for one or more of the following phenomena the pursuit of classical liberal free market policies in the world economy economic repose, the growing dominance of different forms of political, economic, and cultural life. The proliferation of new information technologies such as the Internet as s rise up as the notion that humanity are in the anticipation of realizing one hit unified community in which major sources of social conflict have vanished through global integration. (David 1995) at long last globalization has been achieved through technological advancements. It i s a main challenge in the process of globalization as many counties are lagging behind in terms of technological advancements that are meant to promote solid and effective communication as healthful as boost high production. The process of achieving the international phylogenesis goals pays more emphasizes on reduction poverty levels in countries of the world by promoting sustainable growth by empowering the poor people.Globalization is just an prospect that is associated with risks at the national and international level. One of the issues that has emitted from globalization is that at that place is freedom of movement which has make developed countries hire labour from lower cost countries this making the citizens of the country to lose their jobs. It end result of this is that the country is focusing on its development.But globalization can not be dismissed at all but what is of the essence(p) is to lay good enabling structures that can enhance both an individual developme nt as well as the country development. This can only be done by putting in place good governance. Generally, globalization poses risks and challenges, but so far it has become a stabilizing force in Philippine politics. (Robertson, 1992)This is the only way the judicature could make serious headway in the fight a enlightenst joblessness and poverty. There are indications that most of those uprisings in the yesteryear were supported by the business elite. They are concentrated in the banking, real estate, export, and trading. Most of these sectors now are raking in money from overseas remittances, outsourcing, and recovering exports. It means they now have a stake in the stability of the dust.People in the world are encouraged to think as citizens of nations and as well global citizens if the global agenda is to be achieved. Globalization is a force that is attaching people of countries in the world and as such globalization is the way forward.Generally, globalization is characte rized by free market, new technologies internet revolution. Due to this ontogenyd technologies little time is required to connect different geographical locations. This has helped in reducing the issues of national boundaries as people can communicate without necessarily crossing over the national boundaries. Many social activities can take place in the world without necessary considering the geographical location of the participants.This is done through telecommunication, digital computers, audiovisual media and this occurs everywhere in the contemporary world. (Schorte, 1996). Business is done through electronics, televisions. This has promoted both social and economic interconnectedness across the political and geographical boundaries. This means that technical disregard to geographical boundaries is a major issue towards globalization.High stronghold technology plays a very crucial role in the process of globalization. This is another issue that is hindering the achievement of globalization. This is because most of the worlds countries and are not moving as per the dynamisms of technology thus creating slow inter border speed movements. (Scheuerman,2004)The high speed technologies minimize the significance of distance and as a result improving the interconnectedness. But in those areas where deterritorialization and social interconnectedness across national borders are especially striking, new transnational institutions (for utilization, cross-border referenda), along with a dramatic strengthening and further democratization of existing forms of supranational authority (in particular, the United Nations), are necessary if we are to assure that popular sovereignty remains an effective principle.Globalization guarantees sustainable competitiveness through lead of technological improvements. The attraction of many countries in need of investment has promoted the growth of economies in most countries that wring globalization. Good examples are the recent joint ventures of China with Japanese companies where the Chinese get skills straightaway by working the Japanese.High-speed technologies and organizational approaches are employed by transnational operating firms, the so-called global players, with great effectiveness. The emergence of around-the-world, around-the-clock financial markets, where major cross-border financial transactions are made in cyberspace at the blink of an eye, represents a familiar example of the economic face of globalization. (Mark & Interline 2001)How Philippines is integrated in international economy at the global community.Philippines as far as the globalization is concerned is rated in the semi-globalize world. The country has not achieved completely what it takes for a country to be globalized. It is lacking integrated markets and economies with other countries. This because it has not taken vantage of across borders integration. Low cross borders coordination reduces the economic share activities whic h have an effect of reducing fast economic growth. Philippines have now a new political shift aimed at promoting its economic growth. One of the main issues of promoting globalization is through democratization. This is an aspect that has been missing in Philippines, there is a trend the country believing that poor countries should not depend on the abroad capital and for this reason the country believes in regional issues of development.Philippine is the latest country to be accepted in the global bail nations sharing global information and economies. The countrys software sector has greatly grown large it advantage in global information technology. In the year 2006, Philippines had established software innovation which aimed at creating a global centre of information. The process of software innovation is based on good transaction with other countries that have advanced technology. This procedure has promoted individuals business in spite of appearance the integrated countri es. A good example is stag Philippines Company that developed an innovative online registration system for one of the domestic airlines, this is a positively charged movement towards globalizations.The country has moved from the traditional of doing things to the scientific and technological revolutions. Philippines has achieved great integration in east Asia with countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. This form of regional integration has promoted free market within the area and then improved economies. Globalization refers to increased possibilities for action between and among people in situations where latitudinal and longitudinal location seems immaterial to the social activity at hand.Even though geographical location remains crucial for many undertakings (for example, farming to satisfy the needs of a local market), deterritorialization manifests itself in many social spheres.. filth in the nose out of a traditional sense of a geographically identifiable loca tion no longer constitutes the whole of social space in which human activity takes places. In this initial sense of the term, globalization refers to the spread of new forms of non-territorial social activity (Fred, 1998)There are great challenges for the presidential term in trying to harmonize governance especially when there is integration of business bodies with other countries. The process of liberalization and democratization enables the more advanced countries to take advantage of the free market. The more developed countries use this opportunity in getting more profits which they take to their rich countries. There is power mixing for the government as it not possible to control all the power diffusion.Each manifestation of globalization also generates distinct conflicts and dislocations. For example, there is substantial empirical evidence that cross-border flows and exchanges, as well as the emergence of directly transnational forms of production by means of which a singl e commodity is manufactured simultaneously in distant corners of the globe, are gaining in prominence (Castells, 1996).The whole process of Philippines involvement in international and global community is that the developed countries in term s of service provision on the onset there is un equal competition for the integrated market which the developed countries stand a better chance to exploit. despite the lower levels of poverty in most states, there is a general inequality in the boilersuit income among the citizens.The inequality in Philippines occurs especially between rural and urban areas. This has led to economic stagnation and cultured instability which threatens the goal of reducing poverty by globalization. Other places are overpopulated causing strain on the meager natural resources. The fact that Philippines has moved global has not solved the internal disparities which threaten to increase poverty levels.The government has a great challenge of implementing accredited agreements with the international community. Such international conventions are so demanding in terms of implementation within the country. When these legal conventions are integrated to the country they have the capacity to weaken the internal structures of the country. As an empirical matter, the decay of the domestic-foreign frontier seems highly ambivalent, since it might slow pave the way for the decay of the more attractive attributes of domestic political life as foreign affairs collapse inward onto domestic political life, the relative lawlessness of the former potentially makes worrisome inroads onto the latter (Scheuerman, 2004)The government is also challenged by the rapidly expanding flow of goods services information and people which makes the country to be more interdependent. This requires that the country sets global consensus to meet these challenges. Globalization-from-above is controlled by wealthy elites and driven by a hunger for more wealth and power.But the re is another form of globalization in the Philippines that is made up of grassroots alliances of human rights activists, trade unions, womens organizations, and environmental coalitions and farmers organizations. This form of globalization however does not get as much publicity as the elite form of globalization but it is growing just as rapidly. The institutions such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and transnational corporations have assisted in development and the integration of the worlds countries into the global system.The cross-boarder issues that require joint efforts have been very difficult for the Philippine government to manage. Areas that require regional cooperation include drug supply reduction, ginmill of HIV/AIDS, fight against illegal drugs. Lack of such support has been a great set back to the government. Critics insist that local, regional, and national forms of self-government are being rapidly supplanted by insufficiently democratic forms of global governance remote from the needs of ordinary citizens, whereas their defenders describe new forms of supranational legal and political decision as indispensable forerunners to more inclusive and advanced forms of self-government. Global financial markets also challenge traditional attempts by liberal democratic nation-states to rein in the activities of bankers, spawning understandable anxieties about the growing power and influence of financial markets over democratically elected representative institutionsGlobalization has an effect on Philippines culture and traditions as the societys norms and values as subject to change. There are many ways in which the globalization may finally erode the cultural values of the people imputable to the volatile assimilation a contribution of market liberalization and democratization.Market liberalization and the democratization has continued to adversely contributed to the deceleration in growth rate of the country because of the wors ening terms of trade between the integrated countries and Philippines. There is a weak growth of exports to the developed countries but rather there are a big number of imports to the country. This means that the country spends more money to the outside countries than what it receives. There is a need for the developed countries to have a positive shift towards assisting the developing countries. This can be done by the remotion of trade barrier to the developing countries. Philippines economy has been growing at 4-6% GDP referable to the growth of the robust sector. Electrons and semiconductors contribute greatly to the countrys exports. There is variety of market for the Philippines products due to the globalization. A global citizen in this country is encouraged to participate actively by taking advantage of the available opportunities outsourcing is an outcome of technological advancements. For instance, many people in the Philippines start their work at 9pm money box five in the morning. Such jobs include call centers.This industry of out sources is growing at 57%per year. The Philippines has low or more open economy, a contribution of the economic reforms done as well as moving global. The linking together and expanding of social activities across borders is predicated on the possibility of relatively fast flows and movements of people, information, capital, and goods. Without these fast flows, it is difficult to see how distant events could possibly posses the influence they now enjoy. High-speed technology plays a pivotal role in the velocity of human affairs. But many other factors contribute to the overall pace and speed of social activity. Globalization has completely changed the political and social situation of the country. The current crop of politicians believes that the coming(prenominal) of the country depends on global connectivity and it is for this reason they support global dynamics and global competitiveness. The democratic illustrat ion has been used in Philippines in the process of creating alliances with other countries. According to one influential strand within international relations theory, relations between states are fundamentally lawless.Since the achievement of justice or democracy, for example, presupposes an effective political sovereign, the lacuna of sovereignty at the global level means that justice and democracy are necessarily incomplete and probably unattainable there. In this Realist view of international politics, core features of the modern system of sovereign states relegate the pursuit of western political thoughts most noble prescriptive goals primarily to the domestic arena.Other critics has that the dangers of global economy is that investors come into a particular country, present certain conditions and government often accept them without asking the people who will be affected, which is a violation of workers rights. It often happens under such deals when state companies are bought o ver by foreign companies, thousands of workers are laid stumble under so called structural adjustment program to cut the cost, while workers are pushed for longer hours and forbid from labor unions. The whole purpose behind this way of working is exploitation of the foreign market to gain greater profit. Globalization is part of the changing world, but the way it is coming in developing countries lacks humanity. contemporaneous analysts associate globalization with deterritorialization, according to which a growing variety of social activities takes place irrespective of the geographical location of participants. As Jan Aart Scholte observes, global events can via telecommunication, digital computers, audiovisual media, rocketry and the like occur almost simultaneously anywhere and everywhere in the world. (Scholte & Aart, 1996)In conclusion globalization is the way forward for Philippines economic and political growth. Technology is the key to the achievement of the globalizati on process and it is therefore very important for any country to embrace technological changes in order to be complacent with the fast changes in the world. A country that will not embrace technological changes is like lag behind in matters of development. Increased communication is panacea of any expanding economy as this promotes sharing of the international nature.Expanding free market promotes greater exchange of skills which has a net effect of improving the economy in terms of the factors maximizing the factors of production such as capital, land, entrepreneurship. Outsourcing is the contemporary form of globalization that is practiced in the contemporary Philippine and this has led to the improved social relation among the regional countries. Integration of different companies which produce similar products has enhance the exchange of technologies by the virtue of direct contact. Finally globalization has reduced the social boundaries as well the geographical barriers and now people are staying as one big community.ReferencesMark Randal Brawley (2002) the Politics of Globalization Gaining Perspective, Assessing Consequences. Broadview Press.Crescenzi, Mark, and Andrew J. Interline. 2001. Time Remembered A Dynamic Model of Interstate Interaction. International Studies Quarterly 45409-431.Scott Burchill and Andrew Linklater, (1996). Theories of International Relations. rising York St. MartinsCastells, Manuel (1996), The Rise of Network Society (Oxford Blackwell).Dallmayr, Fred (1998), Alternative Visions Paths in the Global Village (Lanham, Md. Rowman & Littlefield).Held, David (1995), Democracy and the Global Order From the Modern State to Cosmopolitan Governance (Stanford Stanford University Press).Robertson, R. (1992), Globalization Social Theory and Global Culture, (London Sage).Scheuerman, William E. (2004), unaffixed Democracy and the Social Acceleration of Time (Baltimore Johns Hopkins Press, 2004).Scholte, Jan Aart (2000), Globalization A Critic al Introduction (New York St. Martins).