Ethics Business Exam Essay

Define â€Å"ethics† as described in our textbook: Ethics refers to our efforts to figure out what we should do and how we should live. It involves the challenge of figuring out how to justify our behavior both to ourselves and others. 3 Who are the most important stakeholders in the following examples in our textbook? 1. Tylenol : Doctors, nurses, mothers, fathers and children. 2. Novo Nordisk : People with diabetes 3. GE Healthcare in India: Heath care providers 4. Merck: Members of society and to provide good to people in need around the world. . An employee is accused of altering a company’s financial ledgers. Upon questioning, the employee exclaims that he was only following the supervisor’s orders. The employee is using which justification for his unethical behavior? Distancing from responsibility 5. What are the 3 ways to avoid rationalizations? First the generalizability test; which states to make similar decision when confronted with similar issues. Next the publicity test; this test aims to make sure one can defend their reason, simply is it just and can it be defended. The last test is the reversibility test; this suggests putting one in another’s shoes. Do onto others as you would have done to you. 6. What are the 3 Decision Guidelines named in the textbook? 1. Stranded to conduct 2. From virtue ethics to character and relationships 3. Purposes and consequences 9. What are the 3 Levels of the Stakeholder Framework? 1. Value proposition of the organization 2. Principles of stakeholder cooperation 3. Respect for societal standers of conduct. 10. In the case study about Merck, for what disease were they asked to provide medication? River blindness 1. What are Kohlberg’s 6 Stages of Moral Development? 1. Pre-convectional – Punishment and obedience – individual instrument purpose and exchange. 2. Convectional – mutual Interpersonal expectations and relationships conformity – law and order orientation 3. Post- convectional – prior rights Social contact, utility – universal ethical principles 14. Tr ue or False: According to the Stakeholder Framework, the concerns of Shareholders are not important. False: But they should have a solid and defensible reason when they choose not to address a stakeholder 15. True or False: Bribery is acceptable when engaging in business in another country where it is commonly practiced. False: bribery is an unacceptable practice 16. Name 4 of DeGeorge’s 10 Principles for Cross Cultural Management. 1. Do no intentional harm. 2. Produce more good than harm for host. 3. Contribute to host development. 4. Respect human rights of employees. 17. In the video of ‘The Office†, what are 5 ethical issues portrayed? 1) Getting discount on paper for sexual acts. 2) Upper level management overlooked reason for discount paper 3) Stealing company time. ) Office manager blew off ethics training program. 5) Giving immunity and revoking it after the meeting is an ethics issue. 18. True or False: Enron was in the ice cream cone business. False: they sold energy. 19. What is the difference between primary and secondary stakeholders? Primary stakeholders are people and groups most affected by the outcome of the business actions. Value chain and definitiona l stakeholders. Secondary stakeholders are individuals or groups not directly affected by the outcome of business operations. Instrumental stakeholders.